The Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA)

The Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA) is one of the central pieces of legislation in India aimed at preventing and addressing money laundering activities. It was enacted in 2002 and is governed by the Ministry of Finance, under the supervision of the Enforcement Directorate (ED) and the Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU). This Act was formulated in compliance with India’s obligations as a member of the Financial Action Task Force (FATF), a global organization established to combat money laundering and financing of terrorism.

The PMLA Act provides for the establishment of agencies, procedures for investigation, seizure, attachment, and confiscation of proceeds of crime, and outlines the penalties and punishments for those involved in money laundering activities. Below is an in-depth exploration of the PMLA Act, its constitutional framework, departmental constitution, work style, stages, procedures, and the type of cases it deals with.

Constitution of the PMLA Act

The Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA) was passed by the Indian Parliament in 2002 to criminalize money laundering and to make provision for confiscation of property derived from or involved in money laundering. The Act is designed to curb the use of money derived from illegal sources and make money laundering a punishable offense.

Key Sections of the PMLA Act

1. Section 3: Defines the offense of money laundering.

– Money laundering is defined as the process of hiding the origins of illegally obtained money, typically by means of transfers involving foreign banks or legitimate businesses.

2. Section 4: Punishment for Money Laundering.

– Any person who is found guilty of the offense of money laundering is punishable with imprisonment for a term of three to seven years and shall also be liable to fine.

3. Section 5: Attachment of property involved in money laundering.

– If the Enforcement Directorate (ED) believes that property is involved in money laundering, they have the authority to provisionally attach the property.

4. Section 8: Adjudication of cases.

– It provides for the establishment of an adjudicating authority to hear cases related to the attachment of property.

5. Section 12: Power of the authorities to search, seize, and arrest.

– This section grants powers to the Enforcement Directorate (ED) to search properties and seize documents or articles that are believed to be connected with money laundering.

6. Section 19: Power to arrest.

– If a person is suspected of being involved in money laundering, the ED has the power to arrest them under this section.

7. Section 50: Power to summon, enforce attendance, and examine witnesses.

– The ED has the authority to summon individuals and examine witnesses during investigations related to money laundering.

8. Section 61: Confiscation of the property.

– This section outlines the process through which property derived from money laundering may be confiscated by the government.

9. Section 70: Attachment of property involved in the offense.

– It allows for the attachment of properties believed to be involved in money laundering even before a conviction is made.

10. Section 71: Presumption in favor of the prosecution.

– In any trial related to money laundering, if the prosecution proves that the accused is in possession of proceeds of crime, the accused must prove the legitimate origin of the money.

Departments under PMLA

The implementation of the PMLA Act falls under various government departments, with the primary agency being the Enforcement Directorate (ED). There are other bodies involved in the overall framework of enforcement and investigation of money laundering.

Enforcement Directorate (ED)

The Enforcement Directorate is the central agency tasked with enforcing the provisions of the PMLA Act. It works under the Department of Revenue, Ministry of Finance. The Directorate is responsible for:

– Investigating cases of money laundering.

– Imposing attachments on properties related to crimes.

– Taking necessary action for the confiscation of properties connected to money laundering.

The ED is divided into two main wings:

1. Economic Intelligence Wing: Handles intelligence collection and coordination with other agencies.
2. Enforcement Wing: Deals with the actual enforcement of the law through searches, arrests, and legal proceedings.

Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU)

The FIU is another crucial body under the Ministry of Finance, responsible for the collection, analysis, and dissemination of financial intelligence related to suspicious financial transactions. It acts as a watchdog for monitoring money laundering activities in the country. The FIU plays a key role in investigating and prosecuting money laundering cases.

Work Style and Investigation Procedure

The work style of the Enforcement Directorate (ED) in PMLA cases is governed by a rigorous and detailed procedure. The process follows a step-by-step approach to investigate money laundering cases, from the identification of proceeds of crime to the final prosecution and adjudication. Below are the key stages and procedures involved in the investigation and trial of money laundering cases under the PMLA.

1. Investigation and Initiation
2. Detection of Proceeds of Crime:

– Money laundering cases often begin with the detection of proceeds of crime. This can be based on a tip-off or intelligence gathered by agencies like the ED, FIU, or other law enforcement bodies.

– Money laundering typically involves layering or placement of illicit money in a way that disguises its criminal origin. Agencies often trace these funds through banks, businesses, or even shell companies.

2. FIR or ECIR (Enforcement Case Information Report):

– In a money laundering case, the ED registers an ECIR, which is equivalent to a First Information Report (FIR) in criminal cases. The ECIR outlines the details of the offense and the individuals involved.

3. Provisional Attachment of Property:

– Upon receiving information or evidence of the proceeds of crime, the ED may provisionally attach the suspected property, preventing the transfer or sale of assets while the investigation is ongoing.

1. Search, Seizure, and Arrest
2. Search and Seizure:

– The ED has the power to search the premises of individuals involved in money laundering and seize documents, cash, or assets that could be linked to the crime.

2. Arrest:

– The ED can arrest an individual if they have reasonable grounds to believe the person is involved in money laundering. Arrests can be made without a warrant under certain circumstances, particularly if the person is attempting to flee or tamper with evidence.

3. Questioning:

– The ED can summon suspects for questioning. If a person fails to appear, the ED can seek the assistance of the court to compel their presence.

1. Adjudication and Trial
2. Adjudicating Authority:

– Once the assets are attached, an adjudicating authority is set up to determine whether the attachment is justified. The authority listens to both parties and delivers a ruling on whether the attachment should be upheld or released.

2. Judicial Proceedings:

– After the attachment is confirmed, the case proceeds to trial, where the prosecution presents evidence of money laundering. The accused has the right to defend themselves and challenge the evidence.

3. Confiscation of Property:

– Upon conviction, the property linked to money laundering can be confiscated by the government, with the intention to deprive the accused of the proceeds of their crime.

1. Appeals and Recovery of Confiscated Property

– In cases where the accused is convicted, they have the right to appeal the judgment before the Appellate Tribunal.

– The government can also proceed with the recovery of confiscated property if the accused attempts to hide or transfer it.

Types of Cases Under PMLA

Money laundering cases typically involve individuals or entities involved in illegal activities such as:

– Corruption: Politicians, businessmen, or public servants involved in corrupt practices often use money laundering to conceal the illicit funds.

– Drug Trafficking: Profits generated from illegal drug trade are frequently laundered through various means, such as shell companies or foreign bank accounts.

– Terror Financing: Money used to fund terrorist organizations or activities is often laundered through various financial channels.

– Tax Evasion: Individuals and businesses attempting to evade taxes may use money laundering techniques to hide the proceeds of their unreported income.

5. Famous Advocate Paresh M Modi in PMLA Cases

Paresh M. Modi is a prominent Indian lawyer who has gained considerable fame in defending high-profile clients in money laundering cases under the PMLA Act. Known for his expertise in handling complex financial crime cases, Modi has represented clients involved in some of the most high-profile cases in India.

Notable Contributions and Defenses:

– Representation of High-Profile Clients: Modi has represented individuals and businesses accused of being involved in major financial crimes, including corruption, fraud, and terrorism financing.

– Challenging Provisional Attachments: One of his key strategies involves challenging the provisional attachment of assets, arguing that the assets are not connected to the alleged crime or that the attachment is premature.

– Expertise in Financial Laws: Modi’s deep understanding of financial laws and legal loopholes has helped him win several significant cases, particularly by pointing out procedural errors or challenges in the investigation process.

PMLA Act Advocate Gujarat | Paresh M Modi | Criminal Advocates in Ahmedabad Gujarat | 9925002031

1. Introduction to PMLA Act

The Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002 (PMLA) is India’s primary legislation to prevent, detect, and punish money laundering, empower authorities to attach and confiscate proceeds of crime, and regulate financial channels to ensure transparency. The Act establishes a specialized enforcement mechanism through the Enforcement Directorate (ED) for investigation, adjudication, attachment of properties, arrests, searches, and filing of complaints before the Special Court. PMLA is a socio-economic legislation intended to target illegal proceeds, including those generated from scheduled offences such as corruption, fraud, narcotics, cybercrime, terrorism financing, banking crimes, and organised crime activities.

1. PMLA Act પરિચય

પ્રિવેન્શન ઓફ મની લોન્ડરિંગ એક્ટ, 2002 (PMLA) ભારતનું મુખ્ય કાયદા છે, જે પૈસાની ગેરકાયદે હેરફેર (Money Laundering) ને રોકવા, શોધવા અને સજા આપવા માટે બનાવવામાં આવ્યો છે. આ કાયદા હેઠળ એનફોર્સમેન્ટ ડિરેક્ટોરેટ (ED) ને વિશેષ સત્તાઓ આપવામાં આવી છે, જેમ કે તપાસ, પૂછપરછ, ધરપકડ, બિન-ચલ સંપત્તિ અટૅચ કરવી, સર્ચ સીજર કરવી અને સ્પેશિયલ કોર્ટમાં ફરિયાદ દાખલ કરવી. આ કાયદાનો મુખ્ય ઉદ્દેશ “પ્રોસીડ્સ ઑફ ક્રાઇમ” ને કાબૂમાં લેવા અને અર્થતંત્રને સ્વચ્છ રાખવાનો છે.

2. Scope & Jurisdiction under PMLA

2.1 Territorial Jurisdiction

PMLA applies to
• All persons within India
• All persons outside India if the offence involves Indian proceeds
• Every financial institution, bank, company, partnership, or individual involved in a scheduled offence

2.2 Jurisdictional Authorities

1. Enforcement Directorate (ED) – Investigation & prosecution
2. Adjudicating Authority (AA) – Decides attachment & penalties
3. Appellate Tribunal (PMLA AT) – Hears appeals against AA orders
4. Special Court (designated PMLA Court / Sessions Court) – Trials & criminal proceedings
5. High Courts – Appeal under Section 42
6. Supreme Court of India – Final appeal remedy

2. PMLA નો ક્ષેત્ર અને જ્યુરિસ્ડિક્ષન

2.1 પ્રાદેશિક જ્યુરિસ્ડિક્ષન

PMLA લાગુ પડે છે:
• ભારતની અંદર રહેલા તમામ વ્યક્તિઓ પર
• ભારતના પ્રોસીડ્સ જોડાયેલા કેસોમાં વિદેશી વ્યક્તિઓ પર
• દરેક બેંક, કંપની, ફાઇનાન્સિયલ ઈન્સ્ટિટ્યુશન, અને વ્યક્તિ પર જે “Scheduled Offence” સાથે સંકળાયેલ હોય

2.2 સત્તાવાળું તંત્ર (Authorities)

1. ED – એનફોર્સમેન્ટ ડિરેક્ટોરેટ
2. Adjudicating Authority (AA)
3. Appellate Tribunal (AT)
4. Special Court (Sessions Court designated for PMLA)
5. High Court
6. Supreme Court of India

3. Key Definitions & Sections Under PMLA

Section 2 – Important Definitions

• Proceeds of Crime – Property derived from a scheduled offence
  • Money Laundering – Process of projecting illegal money as legitimate
  • Reporting Entity – Banks, NBFC, intermediaries, etc.

Section 3 – Offence of Money Laundering

A person is guilty if he:
• Directly or indirectly attempts to indulge
• Assists
• Conceals
• Possesses
• Acquires
• Uses
• Projects proceeds of crime as untainted

Section 4 – Punishment

• Rigorous imprisonment 3 to 7 years, and
  • Up to 10 years for NDPS-related laundering.

Section 5 – Provisional Attachment of Property

ED can attach properties suspected to be proceeds of crime for 180 days.

Section 17 – Search & Seizure Powers

ED may conduct search of premises and seize documents without FIR from police (as per 2019 amendment).

Section 18 – Search of Persons

Allows ED to search individuals if suspicion exists.

Section 19 – Power of Arrest

ED can arrest if it has “reason to believe” (recorded in writing) that the person is guilty.

Section 44/45 – Special Courts & Bail Conditions

• PMLA bail is subject to twin conditions:
  – Court must be satisfied the accused is not guilty
  – Unlikely to commit offence while on bail

Section 50 – Summons, Statements & Evidence

ED officers have civil court powers to summon, record statements, inspect records.

Section 63 – Penalties for Non-Compliance

Fine and prosecution for failure to respond to ED summons.

3. PMLA ની મહત્વપૂર્ણ કલમો

કલમ 3 – મની લોન્ડરિંગ ગુનો

પ્રોસીડ્સ ઑફ ક્રાઇમને છુપાવવું, ધરાવવું, ઉપયોગ કરવો, અથવા સ્વચ્છ પૈસા તરીકે પ્રોજેક્ટ કરવું—એ બધું મની લોન્ડરિંગ ગણાય છે.

કલમ 4 – સજા

• 3 થી 7 વર્ષની કઠોર કેદ
  • NDPS સંબંધિત કેસોમાં 10 વર્ષ સુધી

કલમ 5 – પ્રોવિઝનલ એટૅચમેન્ટ

ED 180 દિવસ સુધી પ્રોપર્ટી અટૅચ કરી શકે છે.

કલમ 17, 18 – સર્ચ અને સીઝર / સર્ચ ઑફ પર્સન

ED ને ઘોંઘાટ વગર સર્ચ કરવાની, ડોક્યુમેન્ટ્સ સીઝ કરવાની સત્તા.

કલમ 19 – ધરપકડ

“રીઝન ટુ બિલીવ” આધારિત ED ધરપકડ કરી શકે છે.

કલમ 45 – જામીનની શરતો (Twin Conditions)

કોર્ટને વિશ્વાસ થવો જોઈએ કે

1. આરોપી દોષિત નથી;
2. જામીન પર છૂટ્યા પછી ગુનો નહીં કરે.

4. Investigation Process under PMLA
5. Receipt of information / ECIR registered (ED’s internal document)
6. Summons under Section 50
7. Statement recording
8. Search & seizure
9. Provisional attachment of properties
10. Filing of Prosecution Complaint before Special Court
11. Trial and judgment

4. તપાસ પ્રક્રિયા

1. ECIR નોંધવામાં આવે છે
2. કલમ 50 હેઠળ સમન્સ
3. નિવેદનોનો દસ્તાવેજીકરણ
4. સર્ચ અને સીઝર
5. પ્રોપર્ટી અટૅચમેન્ટ
6. સ્પેશિયલ કોર્ટમાં પ્રોસિક્યુશન ફરિયાદ
7. ટ્રાયલ અને ચુકાદો

5. Major Judgments Under PMLA
6. Vijay Madanlal Choudhary v. Union of India (2022)

• ED powers upheld
  • Twin conditions for bail revived
  • ECIR need not be given to accused

2. Nikesh Tarachand Shah v. Union of India (2017)

• Initially held twin conditions unconstitutional (later reversed by 2022 judgment).

3. Gautam Kundu v. Directorate of Enforcement (2015)

• ED does not require police FIR for registering ECIR.

4. Rajbhushan Omprakash Dixit Case

• Attachment justified even without completion of predicate offence investigation.

5. મુખ્ય જજમેન્ટ્સ
6. Vijay Madanlal Choudhary (2022)

ED ની સત્તાઓને માન્ય રાખવામાં આવી; જામીનની Twin Conditions પુનઃસ્થાપિત.

2. Nikesh Tarachand (2017)

Twin Conditions અમાન્ય ગણાવાઈ હતી, પણ 2022માં બદલાઈ.

3. Gautam Kundu (2015)

ECIR માટે પોલીસ FIR જરૂરી નથી.

6. Remedies Available to Accused under PMLA

1. Anticipatory Bail (subject to Section 45 conditions).
2. Regular Bail after arrest – Twin Conditions apply.
3. Challenge Search, Arrest, Attachment Orders before High Court (Article 226/227).
4. Appeal to Appellate Tribunal against attachment.
5. Appeal to High Court under Section 42.
6. Discharge application before Special Court.
7. Quashing ECIR / proceedings in exceptional cases.

1. આરોપી માટે ઉપાયો
2. એન્ટિસિપેટરી જામીન
3. રેગ્યુલર જામીન
4. હાઈકોર્ટમાં અટૅચમેન્ટ / અરસ્ટ ચેલેન્જ
5. એપેલેટ ટ્રિબ્યુનલમાં અપીલ
6. કલમ 42 હેઠળ હાઈકોર્ટમાં અપીલ
7. સ્પેશિયલ કોર્ટમાં ડિસ્ચાર્જ અરજી
8. ક્વાશિંગ પિટિશન (અપવાદરૂપ કેસોમાં)

7. Authorities Operating Under PMLA
8. Enforcement Directorate (ED) – મુખ્ય તપાસ એજન્સી

• Officers: Assistant Director → Deputy Director → Joint Director → Additional Director → Special Director → Director
  • Powers: Arrest, search, seize, attach, summon, file complaint

2. Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU-IND)

Collects suspicious transaction reports from banks.

3. Special Courts

Designated Sessions Courts conducting PMLA trials.

8. Conclusion

PMLA is a powerful special legislation targeting financial crimes and proceeds of crime. It grants extensive powers to ED and imposes strict bail conditions. However, the Act also provides multiple remedies for an accused through Special Courts, Appellate Tribunals, and High Courts. Proper legal representation is critical due to the complexity and technical nature of PMLA proceedings.

PMLA એક વિશેષ અને કડક કાયદો છે, જેમાં ED ને વિશાળ સત્તાઓ છે. પરંતુ આરોપીને પણ પૂરતા કાનૂની ઉપાયો ઉપલબ્ધ છે, જેથી ન્યાય મળી રહે.

Criminal Advocate | Money Laundering Case Lawyer in Ahmedabad Gujarat | 9925002031 | Advocate Paresh M Modi

Advocate Paresh M Modi is taking care of Criminal, Civil and Property matters in Ahmedabad Gujarat, he is taking care of PMLA Cases in Ahmedabad Gujarat. He may help you to draft the complaint for FIR in legal manners and words. He is the specialist Advocate for criminal cases in Ahmedabad Gujarat. You may Call / WhatsApp him on Mobile No. 9925002031 to book the appointment, His main office is situated at Ashram Road, Ahmedabad City, Gujarat

List of districts in Gujarat, where Advocate Modi visit for the Court Cases:

Ahmedabad, Amreli, Anand, Banaskantha, Bharuch, Bhavnagar, Botad, Dahod, Dang, Devbhumi Dwarka, Gandhinagar, Jamnagar, Junagadh, Kachchh, Kutch, Kheda, Mahisagar, Mehsana, Morbi, Narmada, Navsari, Panchmahal, Patan, Porbandar, Rajkot, Sabarkantha, Surat, Surendranagar, Tapi, Valsad, Vadodara

The name of the main cities of Gujarat, where Advocate Modi provide the legal services:

Ahmedabad, Surat, Vadodara, Rajkot, Bhavnagar, Jamnagar, Gandhinagar, Junagadh

Conclusion

The Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA) is a crucial law in India aimed at preventing the illicit flow of money and the laundering of illegal proceeds. It involves an intricate system of investigation, adjudication, and punishment, carried out by agencies like the Enforcement Directorate. The law has been instrumental in taking action against money laundering and related offenses in India.

With advocates like Paresh M. Modi defending clients in these complex cases, the legal landscape in India remains dynamic, as they navigate the challenges and intricacies of PMLA to ensure justice. The procedures and stages in PMLA cases, from the initiation of the investigation to the confiscation of assets, illustrate the robust framework India has built to combat financial crimes.

Contact Details:

• Mobile: +91 9925002031
• Office Landline: +91-79-48001468
• Email: advocatepmmodi@gmail.com
• Website: www.advocatepmmodi.in
• Office Address:
  Office No. C/112, Supath-2 Complex, Opp. Kohinoor Plaza Hotel, Near Old Wadaj Bus Stand, Ashram Road, Ahmedabad – 380013, Gujarat, India.

પ્રિવેંશન ઓફ મની લોન્ડરિંગ એક્ટ (PMLA) અને તેની કામગીરીના વિસતૃત વિગતો અને એડવોકેટ પરેશ એમ મોદી – ગુજરાત

પ્રિવેંશન ઓફ મની લોન્ડરિંગ એક્ટ (PMLA) એ ભારતનો એક મહત્વપૂર્ણ કાયદો છે, જે મની લોન્ડરિંગને રોકવા અને તે સાથે સંકળાયેલા ગુનાઓનો નંપટાર કરવા માટે બનાવવામાં આવ્યો છે. આ કાયદો 2002માં પારિત થયો હતો અને મુખ્યત્વે નાણાં મંત્રાલય અને કાયદાનુશાસન વિભાગ દ્વારા અમલમાં મૂકવામાં આવે છે. PMLA એક્ટનો અમલ એફોરસમેન્ટ ડાયરેક્ટોરેટ (ED) અને ફાઇનાન્શિયલ ઈન્ટેલિજન્સ યુનિટ (FIU) દ્વારા કરવામાં આવે છે. આ કાયદો મની લોન્ડરિંગ અને આતંકવાદી ફંડિંગ સાથે સંકળાયેલા ગુનાઓ સામે લડવા માટે રચાયેલ છે અને આંતરરાષ્ટ્રીય સ્તરે ફાઇનાન્શિયલ એક્શન ટાસ્ક ફોર્સ (FATF) ની ગાઈડલાઈન્સનું પાલન કરે છે.

આ કાયદાનું મુખ્ય ઉદ્દેશ મની લોન્ડરિંગ, જેમ કે ગેરકાયદેસર ધનને છુપાવવાનો પ્રયાસ, અને તેને સ્વચ્છ/legal ધન તરીકે પ્રદર્શિત કરવાનો પ્રયાસ રોકવાનો છે. આ કાયદા દ્વારા એફોરસમેન્ટ ડાયરેક્ટોરેટ (ED) અને અન્ય સંસ્થાઓને મની લોન્ડરિંગના ગુનાઓની તપાસ કરવાની સત્તા આપવામાં આવી છે. 

આ લેખમાં, આપણે PMLA એક્ટ, તેનાં વિભાગો, વિભાગોની કાર્યશૈલી, કેસોની પ્રકારો, અને આ કાયદા હેઠળના પગલાં, પ્રોસિજર, અને કેસ વિશે વિસતૃત માહિતી પ્રદાન કરશું.

PMLA એક્ટનુ બંધારણ

પ્રિવેંશન ઓફ મની લોન્ડરિંગ એક્ટ (PMLA) 2002માં ભારત સરકાર દ્વારા પસાર કરવામાં આવ્યો હતો. આ કાયદો મની લોન્ડરિંગને કાયદેસર ગુનો ગણાવીને તેને કાબૂ કરવાનો પ્રયત્ન કરે છે. 

PMLA એક્ટના મુખ્ય વિભાગો:

1. વિભાગ 3: મની લોન્ડરિંગનો ગુનો વ્યાખ્યાયિત કરે છે.

   – મની લોન્ડરિંગ એ એ પ્રક્રિયા છે જેના દ્વારા ગુનેગારી રીતે મેળવેલા ધને છુપાવવાનો અને તેને કાયદેસર બતાવવાનો પ્રયાસ થાય છે.

2. વિભાગ 4: મની લોન્ડરિંગ માટે સજાની આયોગ.

   – જો વ્યક્તિ મની લોન્ડરિંગના ગુનામાં દોષી પાઈ જાય છે, તો તેને 3 થી 7 વર્ષની જેલની સજા અને દંડ ભોગવવાનો રહેશે.

3. વિભાગ 5: મની લોન્ડરિંગમાં સામેલ મિલકતની જોડણી.

   – જો એફોરસમેન્ટ ડાયરેક્ટોરેટ (ED) માની લે છે કે કોઈ મિલકત મની લોન્ડરિંગમાં સામેલ છે, તો તે તે મિલકતને સંશયાસ્પદ બનાવી શકે છે અને તેના પર પૂર્વ-બંધન કરી શકે છે.

4. વિભાગ 8: કેસોની આજીવન કાયદેસર અવલોકન.

   – આ વિભાગ adjudicating અધિકારકર્તાને સંસ્થાપિત કરે છે જે મિલકતના જોડાણ સંબંધિત કેસો પર સુનાવણી કરશે.

5. વિભાગ 12: સર્ચ, સીઝર અને અરેસ્ટ માટેની સત્તા.

   – આ વિભાગ એફોરસમેન્ટ ડાયરેક્ટોરેટ (ED) ને એ બંને મિલકતો અને દસ્તાવેજોને સર્ચ અને સીઝ કરવા માટે સત્તાવાર સત્તા આપે છે, જે મની લોન્ડરિંગ સાથે સંકળાયેલા છે.

6. વિભાગ 19: અરેસ્ટ કરવાની સત્તા.

   – જો કોઈ વ્યક્તિ મની લોન્ડરિંગના ગુનામાં સંડોવાઈ હોવાનું લાગે છે, તો ED તેને ધરપકડ કરી શકે છે.

7. વિભાગ 50: ગવામાં સૂચિત કરવા, હાજર થવા માટે પુછપરછ કરવા.

   – ED ને તે વ્યક્તિને બોલાવીને પુછપરછ કરવાનો અધિકાર છે જેમણે મની લોન્ડરિંગ કેસ સંબંધિત ગુના અંગે માહિતી આપી છે.

8. વિભાગ 61: મિલકતના જડબાતોડને કબજે કરવું.

   – આ વિભાગ એ એવી પ્રક્રિયાને અનુસરે છે જેમાં મની લોન્ડરિંગથી પ્રાપ્ત મિલકત સરકાર દ્વારા કબજે કરી શકે છે.

9. વિભાગ 70: મની લોન્ડરિંગમાં સંલગ્ન મિલકતની જોડણી.

   – આ વિભાગ એમ એવી મિલકત માટે સત્તાવાર જોડણી પ્રદાન કરે છે જે મની લોન્ડરિંગમાં સંલગ્ન હોવાનું માનવામાં આવે છે.

10. વિભાગ 71: અભિપ્રાયને આધાર માટે ધરાવવી.

    – મની લોન્ડરિંગની મામલામાં, જો પ્રોસિક્યુશન એણે આરોપિતને ગુનામાં સામેલ કરી શક્યા છે, તો આરોપિત પર્યાપ્ત પુરાવા રજૂ કરી શકે છે કે તે કાયદેસર રીતે મેળવણી કરવામાં આવ્યો છે.

PMLA હેઠળ વિભાગો અને વિભાગની કામગીરી

PMLA Act અમલમાં મૂકવા માટે વિવિધ સત્તાવાર વિભાગો જવાબદાર છે. મુખ્યત્વે, એફોરસમેન્ટ ડાયરેક્ટોરેટ (ED) એ સૌથી મહત્વપૂર્ણ એજન્સી છે જે મની લોન્ડરિંગના ગુનાઓની તપાસ અને કાયદાની અમલવારી માટે જવાબદાર છે. 

એફોરસમેન્ટ ડાયરેક્ટોરેટ (ED)

ED એ નાણાં મંત્રાલય હેઠળ કાર્ય કરતી સત્તાવાર એજન્સી છે, જે PMLA કાયદાના અમલ માટે જવાબદાર છે. આ એજન્સી:

– મની લોન્ડરિંગના ગુનાઓની તપાસ કરે છે.

– ગુના સાથે સંકળાયેલી મિલકતને જોડે છે.

– મની લોન્ડરિંગ સાથે સંકળાયેલી મિલકતને કબજે કરે છે.

ED બે મુખ્ય વિભાગોમાં વહેંચાયેલું છે:

1. આર્થિક ગૂંચવણ વિભાગ: આ વિભાગ ભવિષ્યવાણી કરી શકે છે અને અન્ય એજન્સીઓ સાથે માહિતીનો ઉપયોગ કરે છે.
2. એફોરસમેન્ટ વિભાગ: આ વિભાગ તપાસની આગળની કાર્યવાહી, સર્ચ, અને મિલકતની જોડણી માટે જવાબદાર છે.

ફાઇનાન્શિયલ ઈન્ટેલિજન્સ યુનિટ (FIU)

FIU એ નાણાં મંત્રાલય હેઠળ કામ કરતી એક અન્ય અગત્યની એજન્સી છે. તેનું મુખ્ય કાર્ય છે, શંકાસ્પદ નાણાંકીય ટ્રાન્ઝેક્શન સાથે જોડાયેલી આર્થિક માહિતીનું સંકલન અને વિશ્લેષણ કરવું.

PMLA હેઠળ કાર્યવાહી અને અભિગમ

PMLA હેઠળની તપાસ અને કાયદેસરની કાર્યવાહી એક સસ્ટમેટિક પ્રક્રિયા છે, જેમાં અનેક પગલાં શામેલ છે. તપાસના વિવિધ તબક્કાઓ અને પગલાં નીચે આપેલા છે:

1. તપાસ અને આરંભ
2. પ્રોચીસ ઓફ ક્રાઈમ: 

   – પલ્માની તપાસ સામાન્ય રીતે પોઈસ, આર્થિક ગુનાઓ, કરચોરી, અને અન્ય નાણાંકીય ગુનાઓમાં મળતી છે. 

2. FIR અથવા ECIR નોંધાવવી: 

   – PMLA હેઠળ, એફોરસમેન્ટ કેસ ઇન્ફોર્મેશન રિપોર્ટ (ECIR) નોંધવામાં આવે છે, જે એક પ્રકારની FIR છે.

3. પ્રકાશન સંલગ્ન મિલકત:

   – જ્યારે ED ગોળી નાખી શકે છે કે મિલકત મની લોન્ડરિંગ સાથે સંલગ્ન છે, તો તે મિલકતને provisional સંલગ્ન કરવા માટે પગલાં ભરે છે.

1. સર્ચ, સીઝ અને અટકાવવું
2. સર્ચ અને સીઝ:

   – ED પાસે સર્ચ અને સીઝ માટે સત્તા છે. તે વ્યક્તિના ઘરની સર્ચ કરીને અથવા કચેરીના દસ્તાવેજોને સીઝ કરી શકે છે, જે મની લોન્ડરિંગ સાથે સંકળાયેલ હોય.

2. અટકાવવું:

   – ED આરોપિતને મની લોન્ડરિંગના ગુનામાં સંલગ્ન તરીકે ધરપકડ કરી શકે છે.

3. પ્રશ્નોત્તરી:

   – ED કે આરોપિતને પૂછપરછ માટે બોલાવી શકે છે.

1. અદાલતી કાર્યવાહી અને ટ્રાયલ
2. અદાલતી અધિકારકર્તા:

   – ED દ્વારા મિલકતના જોડાણના મામલામાં, કાયદેસર અધિકારકર્તાએ આઉટકમ નક્કી કરવામાં મદદ કરી.

2. જ્યુડિશિયલ પ્રક્રિયા:

   – દોષી ઠરાવ બાદ, આદાલત દંડ અને મિલકતના જડબાતોડને કબજે કરવાની કાર્યવાહી કરે છે.

1. અપીલ અને મિલકતના પુનઃપ્રાપ્તિ

– આરોપિત પક્ષોને અપીલ કરવાની પરવાનગી છે. 

– ED જો આરોપિત મિલકત છુપાવવા અથવા ટ્રાન્સફર કરવાનો પ્રયાસ કરે તો સરકાર તે મિલકતને પુનઃપ્રાપ્તિ કરી શકે છે.

PMLA હેઠળના કેસો

PMLA હેઠળ વિવિધ પ્રકારના કેસો દાખલ થાય છે, જેમ કે:

– કોરપ્શન: રાજકીય અને વેપારી વ્યક્તિઓ દ્વારા ગેરકાયદેસર કમાણી.

– ડ્રગ ટ્રાફિકિંગ: નશીલા પદાર્થોની ચોરી અને વેચાણથી મળેલી કમાણી.

– આતંકવાદી નાણાંકીય ટ્રાન્ઝેક્શન: આતંકવાદી સંગઠનોને નાણાં આપવા માટે લાઉન્ડરિંગ.

– ટેક્સ એવેઝન: કાયદેસર નાણાં છુપાવવાનો પ્રયાસ.

પ્રખ્યાત વકીલ Paresh M Modi અને PMLA કેસો

એડવોકેટ પરેશ એમ મોદી એ ભારતના વિખ્યાત વકીલ છે, જેમણે PMLA કાયદાં હેઠળ અનેક હાઇ-પ્રોફાઈલ કેસોમાં પ્રતિનિધિત્વ આપ્યું છે. મોડી વિશિષ્ટ રીતે મની લોન્ડરિંગના કેસોમાં અવલંબનાર છે, જેમણે જટિલ આર્થિક ગુનાઓમાં કુશળતા દર્શાવવી છે.

એડૅવોકેટ મોદી સાહેબની દલીલ અને બચાવ:

– પ્રસિદ્ધ ક્લાયન્ટ્સનો પ્રતિનિધિત્વ: મોડી એફોરસમેન્ટ ડાયરેક્ટોરેટના કેસો જે એવા લોકો સાથે જોડાયેલા છે જેમણે દિગ્ગજ ગુનાઓના કેસોમાં જાવાદારી લીધી છે.

– પ્રાથમિક મિલકત જોડણાની અવગણના: મોડી મુખ્યત્વે આડકોથી સંલગ્ન મિલકત જોડણાને પડકારિત કરે છે.

નિષ્કર્ષ

પ્રિવેંશન ઓફ મની લોન્ડરિંગ એક્ટ (PMLA) એ ભારત માટે મહત્ત્વપૂર્ણ કાયદો છે, જે નાણાંકીય ગુનાઓ અને મની લોન્ડરિંગની અટકાવવાની દિશામાં મહત્વપૂર્ણ ભૂમિકા ભજવે છે. PMLA હેઠળની કાર્યવાહી વિવિધ તબક્કાઓમાં વિસ્થાપિત છે, જેમાં તપાસ, સર્ચ, સીઝ, અટકાવવું અને કોર્ટમાં દલીલ જેવી પ્રક્રિયાઓ શામેલ છે. Paresh M. Modi જેવા પ્રતિભાશાળી વકીલોએ આ કાયદાના તળે અનેક કેસો જીતીને તેમની નામનું યશ વધાર્યું છે.

High Court Advocate | Paresh M Modi | Anticipatory Bail | Regular Bail | Discharge Application | FIR Quashing | Cheque Return Appeal | Gujarat

Advocate Paresh M Modi, based in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, is a renowned legal expert with extensive experience in criminal law, specializing in handling complex cases across multiple judicial forums, including the High Court of Gujarat and Sessions Courts. His dedication, thorough understanding of legal nuances, and strong litigation skills make him a trusted name in the legal fraternity.

Practice Areas

1. Anticipatory Bail Applications
   Advocate Paresh M. Modi has a proven track record of successfully representing clients in anticipatory bail applications under Section 438 of the Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC). He ensures his clients’ rights are safeguarded by presenting a compelling case that highlights the absence of prima facie evidence, mitigating circumstances, and legal precedents.
2. Regular Bail Applications
   Specializing in regular bail under Section 439 of CrPC, he advocates for clients’ release by focusing on procedural fairness, factual analysis, and ensuring adherence to legal principles. His expertise extends to cases involving white-collar crimes, cyber fraud, financial disputes, and general offenses under the Indian Penal Code (IPC).
3. Discharge Applications
   Advocate Modi is adept at filing discharge applications under Section 227 of CrPC, aiming to release his clients from baseless allegations or charges during the pre-trial stage. His meticulous approach often results in successful outcomes in Sessions Courts.
4. FIR Quashing Cases
   At the High Court of Gujarat, Advocate Modi handles FIR quashing petitions under Section 482 of CrPC, focusing on preventing misuse of the law and ensuring justice. He specializes in cases involving false accusations, abuse of process, and malicious prosecution.

Specialist in Cheque Return Cases – NI Act Section 138

Advocate Paresh M. Modi is a leading name in handling cheque return cases under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act (NI Act). These cases involve dishonored cheques due to insufficient funds or other reasons. His approach includes:

• Filing and Defending Complaints: He represents both complainants and accused parties in cheque bounce cases at Trial Courts, ensuring the law’s procedural and substantive aspects are addressed.
• Criminal Appeals and Revisions: Advocate Modi handles appeals and revision applications in Sessions Courts and the High Court, challenging or defending judgments passed by lower courts.
• Focus on Resolution: He emphasizes swift and amicable resolution through legal means, whether by securing penalties for the complainant or negotiating settlements.

Ahmedabad, Adalaj, Adipur, Ahwa, Aithor, Alang, Ambaji, Aambaliyasan, Amod, Amreli, Anand, Ankleshwar, Anjar, Atul, Babra, Bagasara, Balasinor, Banaskantha, Bardoli, Baroda, Bayad, Bavla, Bechraji, Bhachau, Bharuch, Bhavnagar, Bhuj, Bilimora, Borsad, Botad, Chaklasi, Chanasma, Chhota Udepur, Chikhli, Chorvad, Chotila, Dahisara, Dahod, Dahegam, Dakor, Danta, Dang, Dediapada, Deesa, Devbhumi Dwarka, Dhanera, Dhandhuka, Dholera, Dhrangadhra, Dhoraji, Dhrol, Dharampur, Disa, Diu, Dwarka, Fatehganj, Gandhidham, Gandhinagar, Gir Somnath, Ghoghamba, Godhra, Gondal, Gozaria, Halol, Halvad, Hansot, Harij, Himmat Nagar, Idar, Jamjodhpur, Jamnagar, Jasdan, Jetalpur, Jetpur, Jambughoda, Junagadh, Kachchh, Kadi, Kalol, Kanjari, Kanodar, Kankrej, Karjan, Katargam, Keshod, Kheda, Khambhat, Kodinar, Kosamba, Koth, Kutiyana, Lakhtar, Lalpur, Lathi, Limdi, Lunawada, Mahisagar, Mahemdavad, Mahuva, Malpur, Mandvi, Mansa, Manavadar, Mangrol, Matar, Mehsana, Modasa, Morbi, Muli, Mundra, Nadiad, Nakhatrana, Naliya, Narmada, Naroda, Narol, Navsari, Okha, Olpad, Padra, Palanpur, Paliyad, Palitana, Panchmahal, Patan, Petlad, Pipavav, Porbandar, Prantij, Radhanpur, Rajkot, Rajpipla, Ranavav, Ranpur, Sabarkantha, Salaya, Samakhiali, Sanand, Santrampur, Savarkundla, Savli, Sayan, Shahera, Shihor, Sidhpur, Sikka, Sojitra, Songadh, Surat, Surendranagar, Sutrapada, Talaja, Talod, Tapi, Tarapur, Tharad, Thasra, Umreth, Una, Unjha, Upleta, Umergam, Vadnagar, Vadodara, Vaghodia, Vaav, Valsad, Vansda, Vapi, Veraval, Vijapur, Visnagar, Viramgam, Vyara, Wankaner, Zinzuwada,

Legal Words and Definitions

Lawyer

A professional legally qualified to advise clients and represent them before courts or legal authorities.

Advocate

A person enrolled under the Advocates Act, 1961, authorized to practice law and plead cases before courts in India.

Vakil

A traditional Indian term meaning lawyer or advocate who represents parties in legal matters.

Attorney

A legal representative or agent empowered to act for another in legal or business transactions.

Barrister

A lawyer trained in advocacy, typically practicing in higher courts, especially in the UK-style legal system.

Solicitor

A legal practitioner who advises clients, prepares legal documents, and may brief barristers for court appearances.

Lawyers

Lawyers are legal professionals who are qualified to practice law and provide legal assistance. They represent clients in court, prepare legal documents, and offer advice on legal matters. Lawyers specialize in various areas such as criminal law, civil law, property law, family law, and corporate law, ensuring that clients receive the best possible solutions tailored to their legal concerns.

Advocates

Advocates are a subset of lawyers who are specifically authorized to represent clients in court and plead on their behalf. They play a critical role in the judicial system by presenting cases, cross-examining witnesses, and interpreting laws to secure justice for their clients. Advocate Paresh M Modi, based in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, is one such experienced and reputed advocate known for his expertise in criminal, civil, and family matters.

Law Firms

Law firms are professional organizations comprising multiple lawyers and legal consultants who collaborate to provide comprehensive legal services. These firms cater to various legal needs, including litigation, corporate advisory, contract drafting, and dispute resolution. Advocate Paresh M Modi leads a distinguished law firm in Ahmedabad, offering solutions across diverse legal domains with a team of dedicated and experienced advocates.

Law Consultant

A law consultant is an experienced legal professional offering expert guidance on legal matters without necessarily representing clients in court. They assist individuals, businesses, and organizations in navigating complex legal frameworks by providing tailored advice and preventive legal strategies. Advocate Paresh M Modi, known for his profound legal knowledge, offers exceptional consultancy services to ensure clients’ compliance with legal regulations and mitigate risks.

Legal Services

Legal services encompass a wide range of professional assistance provided by lawyers, advocates, and law firms. These include legal advice, drafting legal documents, representing clients in court, negotiating settlements, and ensuring compliance with applicable laws. Advocate Paresh M Modi excels in offering top-notch legal services in Gujarat, addressing criminal cases, property disputes, divorce matters, and more.

Legal Advisor

A legal advisor is a professional who offers strategic legal guidance to individuals or organizations to ensure compliance with laws and regulations. They specialize in interpreting laws, drafting agreements, and providing insights to minimize risks and resolve disputes effectively. Advocate Paresh M Modi serves as a trusted legal advisor, helping clients achieve favorable outcomes in complex legal scenarios.

Law Firm

An organization of lawyers providing legal services, advice, and representation to individuals and businesses.

Best

The “Best” signifies unparalleled quality and performance. It represents the highest standard in a field, offering reliability, trust, and exceptional outcomes, ensuring client satisfaction through consistent excellence.

Top

“Top” defines the pinnacle of achievement or ranking in a profession. It emphasizes leadership, authority, and superior expertise, ensuring outstanding results that surpass expectations.

Expert

An “Expert” is a highly skilled and knowledgeable professional with years of experience in a specific field. They provide dependable advice and solutions tailored to meet complex requirements.

Specialist

A “Specialist” focuses on a specific domain, offering in-depth understanding and dedicated service. Their proficiency ensures precise, efficient, and effective solutions for specialized needs.

Near Me

Near Me is a phrase frequently used in searches to find nearby services, such as lawyers, courts, or legal assistance within a user’s location.

Type of Offenses and Crime

Murder

The unlawful killing of another person with intent. It is one of the most serious crimes and is punishable under Section 302 of the Indian Penal Code (IPC).

Arson

The criminal act of deliberately setting property on fire. This crime is addressed under Section 435 and 436 of the IPC.

Assault

An intentional act causing physical harm or the threat of physical harm to another person. Sections 351 to 358 of the IPC deal with assault-related offenses.

Burglary

The illegal entry into a building or premises with the intent to commit a crime, typically theft. It is punishable under Sections 445 and 446 of the IPC.

Domestic Violence

Abuse or violence inflicted by a family member, typically within a household, often targeting women. The Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005 governs such cases.

Fraud

Deceptive practices or dishonest acts intended to secure financial or personal gain. It is addressed under Section 420 of the IPC and other laws.

Kidnapping

The unlawful taking or confinement of a person against their will, often for ransom. Sections 359 to 374 of the IPC cover kidnapping and abduction.

Organized Crime

Criminal activities coordinated by a group of individuals or a criminal syndicate, such as smuggling or drug trafficking. Organized crimes are addressed by special laws like MCOCA (Maharashtra Control of Organized Crime Act).

White Collar Crimes

Non-violent crimes committed for financial gain, often by professionals or businesses, such as embezzlement, insider trading, and money laundering.

Cybercrime

Illegal activities conducted online or using digital technology, such as hacking, phishing, or identity theft. The Information Technology Act, 2000 governs such offenses.

Robbery

The use of force or intimidation to unlawfully take someone’s property. Sections 390 to 402 of the IPC deal with robbery.

Human Trafficking

The illegal trade or exploitation of individuals, typically for forced labor or sexual exploitation. This crime is governed by Sections 370 and 371 of the IPC and other laws.

Sexual Offenses

Crimes such as rape, sexual harassment, and molestation. These offenses are covered under Sections 375 to 376D of the IPC and the POCSO Act for child victims.

Extortion

Obtaining money, property, or services through coercion, threats, or force. It is punishable under Sections 383 to 389 of the IPC.

Corruption

Abuse of power or position for personal gain, often involving bribery or misuse of public office. The Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 deals with such crimes.

Financial Fraud

Focused on resolving financial fraud cases, providing meticulous analysis, strategic planning, and robust representation to protect interests and ensure justice.

Ponzi Scheme Fraud

“With deep expertise in Ponzi scheme fraud cases, handling victim representation, litigation, and legal remedies with precision and dedication.

Rape

A criminal act involving sexual intercourse without consent, punishable under Indian law for violating personal dignity and bodily autonomy.

Gang

A group of persons acting together, often associated with organized criminal or unlawful activities.

Loot

The unlawful taking of money or property by force or during violence, riot, or warlike situations.

Dhaad

A Gujarati term commonly used to describe robbery or sudden violent attack to snatch property or money.

Jaamin

A Gujarati word meaning security or surety given to release an accused person temporarily from custody.

Bail

A legal process that allows an accused to be released from custody while ensuring their appearance before the court.

Jamanat

The Hindi and Gujarati term for bail, referring to temporary release on surety or bond pending trial.

Jail

A place where accused or convicted persons are lawfully confined by the government authorities.

Drugs

Chemical substances that affect the body or mind; illegal drugs are controlled under the NDPS Act for misuse and trafficking.

NDPS

The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985 — a central law regulating and prohibiting drug abuse and trafficking in India.

GUJCTOC

The Gujarat Control of Terrorism and Organised Crime Act, enacted to curb organized crime, terrorism, and criminal syndicates in Gujarat.

FEMA

The Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999, governing foreign exchange transactions, cross-border trade, and currency violations in India.

PASA

The Prevention of Anti-Social Activities Act, 1985 (Gujarat), allowing preventive detention of habitual offenders and antisocial elements.

POCSO

The Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012, a special law ensuring protection of minors from sexual assault and exploitation.

Theft

The dishonest taking of another person’s movable property with intent to deprive them permanently of it.

FIR

First Information Report — the initial complaint or report registered by police upon receiving information of a cognizable offence.

Quashing

A judicial process by which a High Court cancels or nullifies criminal proceedings or an FIR if found illegal or unjust.

ACB

Anti-Corruption Bureau, a government agency investigating bribery, corruption, and misconduct by public servants.

CBI

Central Bureau of Investigation, India’s premier central agency for investigating serious crimes, corruption, and economic offences.

CID

Criminal Investigation Department, a state-level police branch specializing in criminal investigations and evidence gathering.

NIA

National Investigation Agency, India’s central counter-terrorism agency handling terrorism-related and national security cases.

DRI

Directorate of Revenue Intelligence, the apex intelligence agency for enforcing customs and anti-smuggling laws in India.

ED

The Enforcement Directorate (ED) is a law enforcement agency in India responsible for enforcing economic laws and combating financial crimes, such as money laundering.

CVC

The Central Vigilance Commission (CVC) is an autonomous body in India aimed at preventing corruption in government institutions and maintaining integrity in public administration.

Crime Branch

The Crime Branch is a specialized wing of the State Police Department responsible for investigating serious crimes such as murder, kidnapping, cyber fraud, and organized crime. It functions under the supervision of senior police officers.

LCB (Local Crime Branch)

LCB stands for Local Crime Branch. It operates within the district-level police department and investigates serious local criminal offenses, including fraud, theft, and property-related crimes.

Offense

An offense is an act or omission that violates the law and is punishable under various Indian Penal Laws such as the Bhartiya Nyay Sanhita, 2023 (replacing IPC). Offenses are categorized as cognizable or non-cognizable, bailable or non-bailable.

Economic Offense

Economic offenses are crimes involving financial fraud or economic manipulation that harm the financial stability of individuals or the nation. Examples include money laundering, bank fraud, tax evasion, and corporate frauds. Such cases are often investigated by agencies like the ED, CBI, or EOW.

SOG (Special Operations Group)

The Special Operations Group is a specialized police unit in many Indian states, including Gujarat. It handles sensitive and high-profile criminal cases, organized crime, terrorism-related investigations, and cybercrime operations.

NIA (National Investigation Agency)

The National Investigation Agency is India’s premier counter-terrorism and national security investigative agency. It handles cases related to terrorism, explosives, cross-border crimes, and offenses under special acts like the UAPA.

PMLA (Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002)

The PMLA is a central legislation enacted to prevent money laundering and confiscate property derived from such offenses. The Enforcement Directorate (ED) investigates cases under this Act, and offenses are adjudicated by the PMLA Appellate Tribunal and courts.

Economic Offences Wing (EOW) Act

The Economic Offences Wing (EOW) is a specialized division within various law enforcement agencies in India, tasked with investigating and combating economic crimes such as fraud, money laundering, tax evasion, and other financial malpractices. It plays a pivotal role in maintaining financial integrity and ensuring that white-collar crimes do not go unchecked. This detailed explanation will cover the Economic Offences Wing Act, the organizational structure and work style, procedural stages, types of cases handled, and relevant sections of the EOW Act. We will also touch on the prominent role played by advocate Paresh M Modi, who has become well-known for his work on EOW cases.

Cyber Crime

Criminal activity involving computers, networks, or digital devices — including hacking, online fraud, and data theft.

Amdavad

Commonly known as Ahmedabad, it is the largest city in Gujarat, India, known for its rich cultural heritage, legal institutions, business centers, and the Gujarat High Court.

Gujarat

Gujarat, a western Indian state, boasts a robust judicial system with high courts, district courts, and tribunals addressing diverse cases.

Bharat

The traditional and constitutional name of India, representing the Republic of India, a sovereign democratic nation with diverse cultures, languages, and a strong legal and constitutional framework.

India

India, a democratic nation, has a comprehensive judiciary comprising Supreme Court, High Courts, and subordinate courts ensuring justice nationwide.

Indian Lawyers

Indian lawyers play a crucial role in upholding the Constitution and addressing legal disputes at various judicial levels.

Chief Additional Metropolitan Court

These courts in metropolitan cities manage serious criminal and civil cases requiring swift legal action.

Tribunal Court

Tribunal courts address specialized disputes, including tax, labor, and administrative matters, ensuring justice in niche areas.

District Court

District courts form the backbone of the judiciary, handling civil and criminal cases within their jurisdiction.

Sessions Court

Sessions courts are designated for serious criminal matters, ensuring justice through fair trials and judgments.

High Court

High Courts, at the state level, have jurisdiction over appeals and constitutional matters, ensuring justice across states.

Gujarat High Court

The Gujarat High Court is the highest court of the State of Gujarat, with its principal seat at Sola, Ahmedabad. It was established on 1 May 1960 under the Bombay Reorganization Act, 1960, when Gujarat was carved out of the erstwhile Bombay State. It exercises jurisdiction over all civil, criminal, constitutional and administrative matters arising within Gujarat, and has supervisory powers over all subordinate courts in the state under the Constitution of India.

Supreme Court

The Supreme Court of India is the apex judicial authority, ensuring constitutional justice and uniformity across the nation.

Contact Advocate Paresh M Modi

Mobile: +91 9925002031 (Only WhatsApp sms – Timing 9 am to 9 pm)
Office Landline: +91-79-48001468 (For  Appointment Only – Timing 10.30 am to 6.30 pm – On Working Days)
Email: advocatepmmodi@gmail.com
Website: www.advocatepmmodi.in
Office Address:
Office No. C/112, Supath-2 Complex, Opp. Kohinoor Plaza Hotel, Near Old Wadaj Bus Stand, Ashram Road, Ahmedabad – 380013, Gujarat, India.