ED | Enforcement Directorate | Overview by Advocate Paresh M Modi | 9925002031

एन्फोर्समेंट डायरेक्टोरेट (ED) – एक विस्तृत परिचय – एडवोकेट परेश एम मोदी द्वारा

Introduction / परिचय

The Enforcement Directorate (ED) is one of India’s most powerful and specialized investigative agencies, responsible for enforcing economic laws, preventing financial crimes, and ensuring the integrity of India’s financial systems. ED plays a crucial role in combating money laundering, foreign exchange violations, economic frauds, cross-border transactions, illegal assets, Hawala networks, crypto-related laundering, and terror-funding linkages.

एन्फोर्समेंट डायरेक्टोरेट (ED) भारत की सबसे शक्तिशाली और महत्वपूर्ण जाँच एजेंसियों में से एक है, जो आर्थिक कानूनों के प्रवर्तन, वित्तीय अपराधों की रोकथाम, तथा देश की आर्थिक सुरक्षा को मजबूत बनाने में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाती है। ED का मुख्य कार्य मनी लॉन्ड्रिंग, फॉरेन एक्सचेंज उल्लंघन, आर्थिक धोखाधड़ी, हवाला नेटवर्क, क्रिप्टो मनी लॉन्ड्रिंग, अवैध संपत्ति, और टेरर फंडिंग को रोकना है।

What is ED (Enforcement Directorate)? / ED क्या है?

The Enforcement Directorate is a multi-disciplinary financial investigation agency under the Department of Revenue, Ministry of Finance, Government of India.

ED is empowered to investigate and prosecute offences under the following Acts:

1. Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002 (PMLA)
2. Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999 (FEMA)
3. Fugitive Economic Offenders Act, 2018 (FEOA)
4. COFEPOSA (Conservation of Foreign Exchange and Prevention of Smuggling Activities Act)

ED conducts searches, seizures, interrogations, arrests, attachment of properties, and prosecution in Special Courts.

ED (एन्फोर्समेंट डायरेक्टोरेट) वित्त मंत्रालय के रेवेन्यू विभाग के अंतर्गत आने वाली एक बहु-विषयक वित्तीय जांच एजेंसी है। यह विभिन्न आर्थिक कानूनों के उल्लंघन की जांच और अभियोजन करती है।

ED निम्नलिखित मुख्य कानूनों के तहत कार्रवाई करती है:

1. PMLA – प्रिवेंशन ऑफ मनी लॉन्ड्रिंग एक्ट, 2002
2. FEMA – फॉरेन एक्सचेंज मैनेजमेंट एक्ट, 1999
3. FEOA – फ्यूजिटिव इकोनॉमिक ऑफेंडर्स एक्ट, 2018
4. COFEPOSA – तस्करी और विदेशी मुद्रा उल्लंघन रोकथाम कानून

Core Objectives of ED / ED के मुख्य उद्देश्य

1. Preventing Money Laundering / मनी लॉन्ड्रिंग रोकना

ED tracks illegal money generated from criminal activities such as fraud, corruption, cyber-scams, drugs, gambling, crypto manipulation, and foreign remittances.

2. Seizure & Attachment of Properties / संपत्ति जब्ती और अटैचमेंट

ED attaches bank balances, properties, vehicles, jewellery, land, business assets, and digital assets under PMLA.

3. Enforcement of FEMA / FEMA का प्रवर्तन

It monitors foreign exchange transactions like:

• Overseas remittances
• Forex trading
• Crypto transfers
• Export-import violations
• Hawala and underground networks

4. Arrest & Prosecution / गिरफ्तारी और अभियोजन

ED can arrest offenders and file prosecution complaints in PMLA Courts.

5. International Cooperation / अंतरराष्ट्रीय सहयोग

ED works with:

• Interpol
• FATF
• FIU-India
• Foreign Investigation Agencies

PMLA (Prevention of Money Laundering Act) – A Deep Overview | PMLA – मनी लॉन्ड्रिंग की रोकथाम कानून का विस्तृत परिचय

PMLA is the core weapon utilized by ED. Its objective is to identify, trace, and confiscate proceeds of crime.

Key Features / मुख्य विशेषताएँ

• Provisional attachment of properties for 180 days
• Arrest without warrant
• Summons under Section 50 (compulsory attendance)
• Search and seizure
• Bail provisions are extremely strict
• Burden of proof lies on the accused

Popular Cases Under PMLA

• Bank loan frauds
• Crypto exchange frauds
• GST refund scams
• Hawala money
• Politically exposed persons’ corruption
• Real estate frauds

FEMA – Foreign Exchange Management Act Overview | FEMA – विदेशी मुद्रा प्रबंधन अधिनियम परिचय

FEMA deals with civil violations related to foreign exchange and financial transactions between India and other countries.

FEMA Violations Commonly Investigated

• Sending/receiving money abroad
• Crypto USDT-BTC transactions
• NRI accounts misuse
• Hawala operations
• Import-export under/over-invoicing
• Foreign deposits without RBI approval

FEOA – Fugitive Economic Offenders Act Overview | FEOA – आर्थिक भगोड़े अपराधी अधिनियम परिचय

Used against major economic offenders who flee India. ED identifies their assets and confiscates properties within and outside India.

ED Investigation Process / ED की जांच प्रक्रिया

1. Registration of ECIR (Equivalent to FIR)

It is ED’s internal record; not publicly available.

2. Summons Under Section 50

Compulsory attendance for statement recording.

3. Search & Seizure

Residential/office raids, digital device seizure.

4. Provisional Attachment

Bank accounts, land, jewellery, company shares, crypto.

5. Arrest Under Section 19 of PMLA
6. Complaint Filed Before PMLA Court
7. Trial & Confiscation

Rights of the Accused Under ED Investigation / ED जांच में आरोपी के अधिकार

1. Right to legal representation
2. Right against self-incrimination (Article 20(3))
3. Right to receive Enforcement Case Information Report (in selective cases)
4. Right to bail except in “proceeds of crime” matters under PMLA
5. Right to fair investigation

Role of Advocate Paresh M Modi in ED, FEMA & PMLA Cases | ED, FEMA और PMLA मामलों में एडवोकेट परेश एम मोदी की महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका

Advocate Paresh M Modi, based in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, is a well-known criminal, financial, economic offence, and special act lawyer handling complex cases related to:

• PMLA (Money Laundering Cases)
• FEMA Violations
• ED Summons & Investigation Guidance
• Bank Fraud Cases
• Crypto-related money laundering
• CBI, DRI, GST & EOW-linked ED investigations
• Property attachment defence
• Bail in PMLA matters
• Representation before Special PMLA Courts
• High Court matters & interim relief applications

He assists clients across India in securing:

• Legal protection
• Property unfreezing
• Account unfreezing
• Summons reply drafting
• Court representation
• Investigation stage guidance

उनका अनुभव, ज्ञान तथा व्यावहारिक समझ उन्हें गुजरात और भारत के अग्रणी ED, FEMA, PMLA मामलों के विशेषज्ञ अधिवक्ता बनाती है।

Advocate Paresh M Modi Working Areas (All Over Gujarat)

Advocate Paresh M Modi handles Premium Criminal, Civil, Family, Corporate, EOW, Cyber Crime, Land, SSRD & Property Matters across:

🔵 List of Districts in Gujarat

Ahmedabad, Amreli, Anand, Banaskantha, Bharuch, Bhavnagar, Botad, Dahod, Dang, Devbhumi Dwarka, Gandhinagar, Jamnagar, Junagadh, Kachchh, Kutch, Kheda, Mahisagar, Mehsana, Morbi, Narmada, Navsari, Panchmahal, Patan, Porbandar, Rajkot, Sabarkantha, Surat, Surendranagar, Tapi, Valsad, Vadodara (Baroda)

🔵 Major Cities of Gujarat Covered

Ahmedabad, Adalaj, Adipur, Ahwa, Aithor, Alang, Ambaji, Aambaliyasan, Amod, Amreli, Anand, Ankleshwar, Anjar, Atul, Babra, Bagasara, Balasinor, Banaskantha, Bardoli, Baroda, Bayad, Bavla, Bechraji, Bhachau, Bharuch, Bhavnagar, Bhuj, Bilimora, Borsad, Botad, Chaklasi, Chanasma, Chhota Udepur, Chikhli, Chorvad, Chotila, Dahisara, Dahod, Dahegam, Dakor, Danta, Dang, Dediapada, Deesa, Devbhumi Dwarka, Dhanera, Dhandhuka, Dholera, Dhrangadhra, Dhoraji, Dhrol, Dharampur, Disa, Diu, Dwarka, Fatehganj, Gandhidham, Gandhinagar, Gir Somnath, Ghoghamba, Godhra, Gondal, Gozaria, Halol, Halvad, Hansot, Harij, Himmat Nagar, Idar, Jamjodhpur, Jamnagar, Jasdan, Jetalpur, Jetpur, Jambughoda, Junagadh, Kachchh, Kadi, Kalol, Kanjari, Kanodar, Kankrej, Karjan, Katargam, Keshod, Kheda, Khambhat, Kodinar, Kosamba, Koth, Kutiyana, Lakhtar, Lalpur, Lathi, Limdi, Lunawada, Mahisagar, Mahemdavad, Mahuva, Malpur, Mandvi, Mansa, Manavadar, Mangrol, Matar, Mehsana, Modasa, Morbi, Muli, Mundra, Nadiad, Nakhatrana, Naliya, Narmada, Naroda, Narol, Navsari, Okha, Olpad, Padra, Palanpur, Paliyad, Palitana, Panchmahal, Patan, Petlad, Pipavav, Porbandar, Prantij, Radhanpur, Rajkot, Rajpipla, Ranavav, Ranpur, Sabarkantha, Salaya, Samakhiali, Sanand, Santrampur, Savarkundla, Savli, Sayan, Shahera, Shihor, Sidhpur, Sikka, Sojitra, Songadh, Surat, Surendranagar, Sutrapada, Talaja, Talod, Tapi, Tarapur, Tharad, Thasra, Umreth, Una, Unjha, Upleta, Umergam, Vadnagar, Vadodara, Vaghodia, Vaav, Valsad, Vansda, Vapi, Veraval, Vijapur, Visnagar, Viramgam, Vyara, Wankaner, Zinzuwada

Contact Advocate Paresh M Modi

📱 Mobile (WhatsApp SMS only – 9 am to 9 pm): +91 9925002031
☎️ Office Landline (Appointment Only – 10.30 am to 6.30 pm): +91-79-48001468
📧 Email: advocatepmmodi@gmail.com
🌐 Website: www.advocatepmmodi.in
🏢 Office Address:
Office No. C/112, Supath-2 Complex, Opp. Kohinoor Plaza Hotel,
Near Old Wadaj Bus Stand, Ashram Road, Ahmedabad – 380013, Gujarat, India
(Visit only with prior appointment)