Author: Advocate Paresh M Modi

As a law firm, Advocate Paresh M Modi is having a team of expert Advocates who provide expert advice and guide the clients on the complicated issues of court proceedings in India. Our law firm has been advising clients to adopt a systematic approach as per the provisions of the law and the requirements of the statute. Being the Best Advocate in Ahmedabad, Advocate Paresh M Modi has been serving the clients according to the provisions of law as Advocate Paresh M Modi is an Experienced Lawyer in Gujarat.Paresh M Modi and his associates have been rendering excellent work owing to their experience in Gujarat High Court for more than 7 years together and having established themselves as a seasoned advocate in the High Court of Gujarat by dealing with various matters in a different fields. It has been made possible to see that the client in any corner of the State of Gujarat could get genuine legal advice and the presence of a lawyer on account of the association with Advocates in various cities of the State of Gujarat.

Categories Advocate, Land Revenue Lawyer

Why Land Brokers, Agent, Developers, Farmers and Investors Prefer Advocate Paresh M Modi’s Legal Advice in Dholera SIR for land documents verification?


Why Land Brokers, Agent, Developers, Farmers and Investors Prefer Advocate Paresh M Modi’s Legal Advice in Dholera SIR for land documents verification?


Dholera Special Investment Region (Dholera SIR) is not an ordinary “plotting market.” It is a high-velocity ecosystem where agricultural-to-NA transitions, title risks, old revenue entries, fragmented ownership, power-of-attorney chains, investor-to-investor transfers, and payment disputes often overlap. In such a zone, the difference between a “good deal” and a “future court case” is usually not the price—it is the documentation, compliance, and dispute strategy.

That is precisely why many land brokers, developers, farmers, and investors prefer taking structured legal advice from Advocate Paresh M Modi (Ahmedabad, Gujarat High Court) for Dholera SIR and surrounding belt matters: because property problems in Gujarat are rarely single-issue—they are a combination of revenue law + transfer law + contract enforcement + criminal risk management.

 


1) Dholera SIR Reality: Why Property Transactions Need “Preventive Law”

In Dholera SIR transactions, common patterns include:

  • Multiple buyers for the same land (over-selling / double-deal)
  • Chain documents based on Banakhat / Agreement to Sell without final registered sale deed
  • Old 7/12 (Satbara), 8A, Ferfar (mutation) entries not reflecting true legal heirs
  • Revenue restrictions (new tenure / old tenure, premium issues, conversion issues)
  • Boundary disputes and internal road/approach disputes
  • Developer commitments vs. landowner understandings not matching in writing
  • Payments made in tranches; possession given informally; later disputes turn civil + criminal

Preference for Advocate Paresh M Modi in such cases is often driven by one central expectation:

“We want the deal to be legally clean, and if any dispute arises, we want immediate, court-ready action—civil and criminal—without losing time.”


2) Title, Ownership, and Revenue Records: The Foundation of Every Dholera Deal

  1. A) Title Due Diligence (Legal Search)

Before money moves, a serious due diligence typically includes:

  • Title chain scrutiny (prior sale deeds, inheritance documents, partition deeds)
  • Revenue record verification: 7/12, 8A, mutation entries (Ferfar), village form records
  • Encumbrance checks: charge, mortgage, bank lien, family claims
  • Possession and boundary verification (practical + documentary)

Why it matters: in Gujarat, many disputes later arise because people relied on “word of mouth” or only checked current 7/12, without understanding how the name came in 7/12.

  1. B) Gujarat Revenue Law and Practical Issues

Transactions in and around Dholera commonly intersect with:

  • Land tenure classifications (old tenure/new tenure restrictions)
  • Premium/permission requirements in certain categories
  • Entry disputes (mutation challenged later)
  • RTS (Revenue) objections and appeals

A key reason stakeholders prefer structured legal advice is that a revenue entry is not the same as final title—and mistakes here create long-term litigation.


3) Core Property Laws Commonly Applicable in Gujarat Property Matters

A Dholera SIR property file typically touches multiple central and state laws, such as:

  • Transfer of Property Act, 1882 (principles of transfer, sale, mortgage, lease)
  • Registration Act, 1908 (registered instruments; admissibility and enforceability)
  • Indian Stamp Act / Gujarat Stamp framework (stamp duty risks; undervaluation disputes; penalties)
  • Indian Contract Act, 1872 (Banakhat/agreements, breach, damages, refund)
  • Specific Relief Act, 1963 (specific performance suits to enforce agreements)
  • Limitation Act, 1963 (time limits—very frequently ignored by investors)
  • Gujarat Land Revenue Code and allied rules/practices (entries, RTS disputes, NA processes)
  • RERA (where applicable for real estate projects; compliance, disclosures, obligations)
  • NI Act, 1881 (Section 138) (cheque bounce—frequent in property payment defaults)

What clients often value in Advocate Paresh M Modi’s approach is issue-spotting across laws, not a narrow “one document drafting” approach.


4) Agreements, Banakhat, MOU, Sale Deed: Getting the Paperwork Court-Proof

  1. A) Why Deals Fail: Weak Drafting

In property disputes, courts and police look at what is written, not what was promised verbally. Common drafting gaps:

  • No clear payment schedule or default clause
  • No representation/warranty on title, encumbrance, possession
  • No defined deliverables (NA permission, plotting approvals, approach road)
  • No dispute resolution clause; no jurisdiction clarity
  • No refund timeline and interest clause
  • No clear clause on brokerage/commission liability
  1. B) What “Strong Documentation” Typically Includes
  • Clear identification of parties and authority (including POA validity checks)
  • Exact land description: survey/block numbers, boundaries, area, maps where possible
  • Title warranties and indemnity
  • Conditions precedent (e.g., NA, approvals, clear entry)
  • Escalation path: notice → cure period → termination → recovery
  • Arbitration/mediation/litigation strategy as per suitability

Brokers and developers especially prefer legal guidance because their reputation depends on fewer disputes and smoother closings.


5) Compromise and Settlement: The Fastest Route When Money Is Stuck

In Dholera matters, many disputes are commercially resolvable if structured correctly.

  1. A) Compromise Formats Used in Practice
  • Settlement deed / compromise deed
  • Consent terms in court
  • Payment schedule agreement with security
  • Part-performance settlement (part land + part refund)
  1. B) Where Settlement Works Best
  • Refund disputes due to failed permissions
  • Developer vs. investor disputes on delayed execution
  • Partition/heir disputes where parties want a structured division
  • Brokerage commission disputes (if documentation exists)
  1. C) Why Legal Structuring Is Critical

A compromise without proper legal structure can become the next dispute. A sound settlement typically adds:

  • Admission/denial framework
  • Finality clause
  • Default consequence (civil + criminal options)
  • Security (post-dated cheques, collateral, charge creation where feasible)

6) Land Disputes: Civil Remedies That Actually Move the Needle

When settlement fails, civil litigation strategy matters.

Common civil proceedings include:

  • Specific performance (to enforce agreement to sell)
  • Cancellation/setting aside instruments (fraud/impersonation/invalid authority)
  • Permanent injunction / status quo (to stop interference or further sale)
  • Possession and mesne profits (where possession is contested)
  • Partition and declaration suits (ancestral/family disputes)
  • Summary recovery / commercial strategy where applicable (depending on nature of transaction)

The preference for an experienced property-litigation approach is simple: timing and interim relief often decide the result more than the final judgment.


7) Police Case, FIR, Criminal Angle: When Property Disputes Turn In to Offences

In Gujarat property disputes, parties frequently use criminal law either legitimately (real fraud) or tactically (pressure). Proper legal advice is crucial to separate:

  • pure civil breach from
  • criminal cheating/forgery/impersonation.

Situations that commonly attract FIR risk:

  • Taking money with false promise of ownership/authority
  • Multiple agreements for same land
  • Forged documents / forged signatures
  • Misuse of POA
  • Threats/intimidation at site
  • Criminal breach of trust in partnership/joint development arrangements

A practical advocate’s role here is:

  1. evaluate whether FIR is sustainable,
  2. draft/defend in a way that protects the client’s long-term civil position, and
  3. avoid contradictory pleadings across police + court.

8) Anticipatory Bail and Regular Bail: Business Continuity During Criminal Proceedings

When FIR occurs, the immediate priority becomes liberty + reputation + business continuity.

  • Anticipatory bail is typically pursued when arrest is apprehended.
  • Regular bail is pursued after arrest.

In property-related criminal disputes, bail strategy often depends on:

  • documentary strength (payments, agreements, chats, notices)
  • custodial interrogation arguments
  • parity (co-accused bail status)
  • civil nature indicators vs. criminal intent indicators
  • restitution/settlement possibilities (without harming defence)

Stakeholders prefer advocates who can handle police station-level realities plus sessions court / High Court motion practice with tight drafting and relevant documents.


9) Money Transactions and Financial Recovery: How Property Money Is Recovered in Practice

Property disputes are ultimately money disputes. Recovery routes depend on evidence and transaction method:

  1. A) Contractual Recovery
  • Legal notice + suit for recovery / damages
  • Specific performance or refund claim
  • Interest and cost claims if drafted properly
  1. B) Cheque Bounce (NI Act Section 138)

If payment was via cheques that bounced, Section 138 proceedings can be a strong pressure mechanism when used correctly with proper notices and timelines.

  1. C) Civil + Criminal Parallel Strategy

Where fraud elements exist, civil suits and criminal complaints may run parallel—but must be aligned to avoid contradictions.

  1. D) Securing the Claim

Where feasible, parties seek:

  • injunctions preventing further transfer
  • status quo orders
  • attachment-like interim protections (fact-specific)

This is a core “headache area” where clients typically seek an advocate who can design recovery strategy, not only file a case.


10) Developers’ and Brokers’ Special Pain Points in Dholera SIR

Developers

  • Title consolidation from multiple owners
  • Development commitments vs. approval reality
  • Investor exit/refund pressure
  • Contractor/vendor disputes
  • Marketing representation risk (avoidable with compliant documentation)

Brokers

  • Commission disputes and denial after deal closure
  • Being made a party in disputes despite not being the “seller”
  • WhatsApp/telephonic commitments being used against them
  • Need for brokerage terms in writing and risk disclaimers

Farmers / Landowners

  • Heirship/partition complexities
  • Pressure selling and undervaluation disputes
  • Post-sale disputes due to extended family claims
  • Documentation gaps (death certificates, heirship proofs, family settlement)

Investors

  • Buying based on “future promise” without legal enforceability
  • Delay in execution/registration
  • Land not matching site realities (access/road/boundary)
  • Difficulty recovering money without strong documentation

A reason many prefer Advocate Paresh M Modi’s advice is that it typically focuses on risk allocation: who bears what risk, and what happens if a risk materializes.


11) A Practical Compliance Checklist for Dholera SIR Transactions

A robust file generally includes:

  • Latest 7/12, 8A, mutation history
  • Title chain documents
  • Identity + authority proofs (including POA verification if any)
  • Clear agreement with refund/default clauses
  • Written settlement terms if dispute exists
  • Payment proof trail (banking trail preferred)
  • Site/boundary understanding documented
  • A litigation-ready document set (in case injunction/bail is needed quickly)

Conclusion: The Real Reason People Prefer Strong Legal Advice in Dholera

In Dholera SIR, property is opportunity—but documentation is destiny. Brokers, developers, farmers, and investors prefer Advocate Paresh M Modi’s legal advice because the expectation is not merely “draft a document,” but:

  • prevent disputes through due diligence and drafting, and
  • resolve disputes fast through civil, revenue, and criminal strategy (including FIR defence and bail), and
  • recover money effectively through legally enforceable routes.

Contact: Advocate Paresh M Modi (Ahmedabad, Gujarat)

Office: Office No. C/112, Supath-2 Complex, Opp. Kohinoor Plaza Hotel, Near Old Wadaj Bus Stand, Ashram Road, Ahmedabad – 380013, Gujarat, India
Mobile: +91 9925002031 (WhatsApp messages 9 AM to 9 PM)
Landline: +91-79-48001468 (10:30 AM to 6:30 PM, working days)
Email: advocatepmmodi@gmail.com
Website: www.advocatepmmodi.in


In Hindi Language


धोलेरा SIR में भूमि दलाल, डेवलपर्स, किसान और निवेशक एडवोकेट परेश एम मोदी की कानूनी सलाह को क्यों प्राथमिकता देते हैं


धोलेरा स्पेशल इन्वेस्टमेंट रीजन (Dholera SIR) आज गुजरात की सबसे तेज़ी से विकसित हो रही रियल एस्टेट ज़ोन है, जहाँ भूमि लेन-देन साधारण प्लॉट बिक्री नहीं, बल्कि राजस्व कानून, टाइटल चेन, उत्तराधिकार, NA परमिशन, डेवलपर-अग्रीमेंट, निवेशक सुरक्षा और आपराधिक जोखिम प्रबंधन का संयोजन होता है।
इसीलिए भूमि दलाल, डेवलपर्स, किसान और निवेशक धोलेरा क्षेत्र में एडवोकेट परेश एम मोदी (गुजरात हाईकोर्ट, अहमदाबाद) की कानूनी सलाह को अत्यधिक महत्व देते हैं।


1) धोलेरा SIR की वास्तविकता – “प्रिवेंटिव लॉ” क्यों जरूरी है

धोलेरा SIR में आम समस्याएँ:

  • एक ही जमीन को कई लोगों को बेचना
  • बिना रजिस्टर्ड सेल डीड केवल बनाखत/एग्रीमेंट पर डील
  • 7/12 और फेरफार एंट्री में कानूनी वारिसों की गलत प्रविष्टि
  • NA परमिशन और टेन्योर विवाद
  • रास्ता (Approach Road) और बॉर्डर विवाद
  • डेवलपर के वादे और दस्तावेजों का मेल न खाना
  • आंशिक भुगतान के बाद कब्जा देकर विवाद

यहाँ मजबूत कानूनी सलाह “डील के समय” ली जाए तो वर्षों की कोर्ट-केस से बचाव हो सकता है।


2) टाइटल, ओनरशिप और रेवेन्यू रिकॉर्ड

  • 7/12, 8A, फेरफार एंट्री की कानूनी जाँच
  • पूर्व मालिकों के सेल डीड की चेन
  • पारिवारिक उत्तराधिकार / विभाजन की वैधता
  • बंधक, चार्ज, बैंक लोन की जाँच

गुजरात में 7/12 केवल एंट्री है, अंतिम टाइटल नहीं। यही कारण है कि सही लीगल सर्च अनिवार्य है।


3) लागू कानून

  • Transfer of Property Act, 1882
  • Registration Act, 1908
  • Indian Contract Act, 1872
  • Specific Relief Act, 1963
  • Limitation Act, 1963
  • Gujarat Land Revenue Code
  • RERA Act
  • NI Act, 1881 (चेक बाउंस)

4) बनाखत, MOU और सेल डीड

कमजोर ड्राफ्टिंग से विवाद जन्म लेते हैं।
मजबूत ड्राफ्टिंग में शामिल होना चाहिए:

  • पेमेंट शेड्यूल
  • डिफॉल्ट क्लॉज
  • रिफंड क्लॉज
  • NA परमिशन की शर्त
  • जूरिसडिक्शन और डिस्प्यूट रिज़ोल्यूशन क्लॉज

5) समझौता (Compromise / Settlement)

रिफंड, पार्टनरशिप, डेवलपर-निवेशक विवादों में
कंप्रोमाइज डीड, कोर्ट कंसेंट टर्म्स, किस्तों में भुगतान की शर्तें लगाकर विवाद जल्दी सुलझाए जाते हैं।


6) सिविल भूमि विवाद

  • Specific Performance Suit
  • Cancellation of Deed
  • Permanent Injunction
  • Possession Suit
  • Partition / Declaration Suit

7) FIR और पुलिस केस

  • धोखाधड़ी
  • फर्जी दस्तावेज
  • पावर ऑफ अटॉर्नी का दुरुपयोग
  • डबल सेल

इन मामलों में सही कानूनी रणनीति आवश्यक है।


8) Anticipatory और Regular Bail

FIR होने पर:

  • सेशन कोर्ट / हाईकोर्ट में अग्रिम जमानत
  • गिरफ्तारी के बाद नियमित जमानत

9) पैसे की वसूली

  • Recovery Suit
  • NI Act Section 138
  • Criminal + Civil Parallel Proceedings

10) निष्कर्ष

धोलेरा SIR में जमीन एक अवसर है, लेकिन दस्तावेज़ ही सुरक्षा हैं।
इसीलिए भूमि दलाल, डेवलपर्स, किसान और निवेशक एडवोकेट परेश एम मोदी की कानूनी सलाह को प्राथमिकता देते हैं, क्योंकि वह:

  • विवाद से पहले सुरक्षा
  • विवाद के बाद तेज़ समाधान
  • पैसे की प्रभावी वसूली
    — तीनों स्तर पर रणनीतिक सलाह देते हैं।

Legal Words and Definitions


Lawyer

A professional legally qualified to advise clients and represent them before courts or legal authorities.


Advocate

A person enrolled under the Advocates Act, 1961, authorized to practice law and plead cases before courts in India.


Vakil

A traditional Indian term meaning lawyer or advocate who represents parties in legal matters.


Attorney

A legal representative or agent empowered to act for another in legal or business transactions.


Barrister

A lawyer trained in advocacy, typically practicing in higher courts, especially in the UK-style legal system.


Solicitor

A legal practitioner who advises clients, prepares legal documents, and may brief barristers for court appearances.


Lawyers

Lawyers are legal professionals trained to provide advice, represent clients in legal matters, and advocate in courts or tribunals.


Advocates

Advocates are specialized lawyers authorized to appear and plead cases in higher courts on behalf of their clients.


Law Firm

An organization of lawyers providing legal services, advice, and representation to individuals and businesses.


Police Station

In property fraud, land grabbing, cheating, forgery, and double-sale matters, the Police Station is the first legal authority where FIRs are registered. Advocate Paresh M Modi provides strategic legal representation in drafting complaints, defending accused persons, filing anticipatory bail, and coordinating investigation processes to safeguard property rights.


Delhi

Delhi is a major investment hub where Gujarat-based investors frequently purchase land and real estate. Advocate Paresh M Modi handles cross-state property disputes, money recovery cases, and legal compliance matters relating to Delhi-based land investments.


Noida

Noida is a prominent real estate destination for commercial and residential projects. Legal disputes arising from delayed possession, builder fraud, refund claims, and breach of agreement are efficiently handled with strategic civil and criminal remedies.


Chandigarh

Chandigarh investors often invest in Gujarat and Dholera SIR properties. Legal services include title verification, refund recovery, agreement enforcement, and legal defense in property fraud FIR matters.


Mumbai

Mumbai is a financial capital where high-value land and property investments are common. Advocate Paresh M Modi provides legal representation for money recovery, fraud prevention, property litigation, and bail matters related to Mumbai-linked real estate disputes.


Bombay

Bombay, historically known as Mumbai, is a commercial hub from where many investors engage in Gujarat land transactions. Legal advisory services include dispute resolution, cheque bounce litigation, and agreement enforcement.


Uttar Pradesh

Investors from Uttar Pradesh frequently participate in Dholera SIR land projects. Legal services focus on land title verification, recovery suits, FIR defense, and legal due diligence for cross-border land investments.


 

Broker

A broker plays a key role in connecting buyers and sellers in property transactions. Legal assistance is essential for protecting brokerage commission rights, avoiding liability in disputed transactions, and drafting brokerage agreements.


Agent

A property agent represents buyers or sellers during land transactions. Advocate Paresh M Modi assists in drafting agency agreements, protecting agents from wrongful criminal complaints, and resolving commission disputes.


Consultant

Property consultants provide advisory services in land investments. Legal documentation and compliance support ensure consultants are protected against false claims, payment defaults, and contractual disputes.


Land Investment

Land investment in Dholera SIR involves complex legal compliance including title due diligence, NA permissions, RERA applicability, and refund protection clauses to secure investor interests.


Land Broker

A land broker facilitates high-value land transactions. Legal documentation safeguards brokers against commission denial, false FIRs, and post-sale disputes.


Land Dealer

A land dealer manages purchase and resale of properties. Legal advisory ensures safe agreements, compliant resale documentation, and effective money recovery mechanisms.


Best

The “Best” signifies unparalleled quality and performance. It represents the highest standard in a field, offering reliability, trust, and exceptional outcomes, ensuring client satisfaction through consistent excellence.


Top

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Expert

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Specialist

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Near Me

Near Me is a phrase frequently used in searches to find nearby services, such as lawyers, courts, or legal assistance within a user’s location.


Ahmedabad

Ahmedabad is a prominent city in Gujarat, India, known for its legal hubs, courts, and skilled lawyers handling a wide range of cases.


Gujarat

Gujarat is a state in western India with a robust legal framework and multiple courts addressing various civil, criminal, and corporate cases.


Gandhinagar

Gandhinagar is the capital city of Gujarat, hosting significant legal institutions and administrative offices.


India

India is a country with a vast legal system governed by the Constitution and various laws, hosting multiple courts from district to Supreme Court levels.


Indian Lawyers

Indian lawyers play a crucial role in upholding the Constitution and addressing legal disputes at various judicial levels.


Lower Court

Lower courts, including magistrate and district courts, handle civil and criminal cases at the grassroots level.


Tribunal Court

Tribunal courts address specialized disputes, including tax, labor, and administrative matters, ensuring justice in niche areas.


Civil Court

Civil courts resolve non-criminal disputes, including property, family, contract, and personal injury cases, providing justice and legal remedies to affected parties under civil laws.


District Court

District courts form the backbone of the judiciary, handling civil and criminal cases within their jurisdiction.


High Court

High Courts, at the state level, have jurisdiction over appeals and constitutional matters, ensuring justice across states.


Supreme Court

The Supreme Court of India is the apex judicial authority, ensuring constitutional justice and uniformity across the nation.


Land

Land refers to a physical area or property, including soil and terrain, owned or leased by individuals, organizations, or governments, often governed by specific laws for its usage, ownership, and transfer.


Revenue

Revenue refers to income generated by governments through taxes, duties, or fees, particularly from land or property. It plays a crucial role in public administration and economic development.


Property

Property includes tangible or intangible assets, such as land, buildings, or intellectual rights, owned legally by individuals, businesses, or governments, governed by laws ensuring rightful ownership.


Disputes

Disputes refer to conflicts or disagreements between parties over rights, contracts, property, or interests. Legal systems offer resolution mechanisms through mediation, arbitration, or courts.


Urgent

Requiring immediate attention or action due to its importance or seriousness.For Advocate Paresh M Modi’s legal services, this word emphasizes the need for swift legal assistance in critical cases like bail, court matters, and financial disputes.


Notice

A formal written or verbal communication informing about legal actions, rights, or obligations.


Litigation

The process of taking legal action through courts to resolve disputes.


Appeal

A legal process in which a higher court reviews the decision of a lower court for reconsideration.


Ganot

A term in Gujarati that generally refers to tenancy or land tenancy rights.


Dholera

A town in Gujarat, India, known for its development as a smart city under the Dholera Special Investment Region (SIR) project.


SIR

Special Investment Region, a large-scale, planned industrial and economic zone aimed at promoting investments and infrastructure development.


Dholera SIR

A Special Investment Region in Gujarat, India, focusing on industrial, residential, and commercial development with world-class infrastructure.


Ganot

A term in Gujarati that generally refers to tenancy or land tenancy rights.


Ganotiya

A Gujarati word often associated with land-related disputes or claims, particularly in tenancy or agricultural contexts.


Investment Region

A designated area developed to attract large-scale investments and promote industrial and economic growth.


Law

A system of rules created and enforced through social or governmental institutions to regulate behavior.


 

Near Me

A phrase used in searches to find services or locations close to the user’s current location.


Advocates Near Me

A search term to locate legal professionals or advocates in close proximity to the user.


Lawyers Near Me

A search term used to find lawyers available in the user’s nearby area.


Residential

Relating to areas designated for housing or living purposes.


Village

A small community or settlement, typically in rural areas.


Gaam

The Gujarati term for “village,” referring to a rural settlement.


Commercial

Related to activities involving trade, business, or commerce.


Scheme

A planned arrangement or project, often related to housing or infrastructure development.


Plot

A piece of land designated for specific use, such as building or farming.


Land

A tangible asset consisting of a portion of the Earth’s surface, used for various purposes like residential, commercial, or agricultural.


Plotting

The process of dividing a large area of land into smaller plots for sale or development.


NA Permission

Non-Agricultural (NA) permission, allowing agricultural land to be converted for non-agricultural purposes like residential or commercial use.


Agriculture Land

Land used primarily for farming and cultivation of crops.


TSR

Title Search Report, a document verifying the legal ownership and status of a property.


7-12 Entry

A land record document in Gujarat, providing details of ownership, land area, and usage.


Title

The legal ownership of property or land, verified by official documents.


Search

The act of investigating or examining records to verify legal ownership or compliance.


Report

A written account providing details about a specific matter, such as property or land.


Title Search Report (TSR)

A comprehensive document that establishes the legal ownership of a property by examining its historical records.


Certificate

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Contact: Advocate Paresh M Modi (Ahmedabad, Gujarat)

Office: Office No. C/112, Supath-2 Complex, Opp. Kohinoor Plaza Hotel, Near Old Wadaj Bus Stand, Ashram Road, Ahmedabad – 380013, Gujarat, India
Mobile: +91 9925002031 (WhatsApp messages 9 AM to 9 PM)
Landline: +91-79-48001468 (10:30 AM to 6:30 PM, working days)
Email: advocatepmmodi@gmail.com
Website: www.advocatepmmodi.in


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Categories Anticipatory Bail Lawyer, Criminal Lawyer

Bail Lawyer for Liquor Case in Gujarat – Advocate Paresh M Modi (Ahmedabad)


Bail Lawyer for Liquor Case in Gujarat – Advocate Paresh M Modi (Ahmedabad)


Gujarat enforces one of India’s strictest prohibition regimes. A “liquor case” is not limited to drinking; it commonly involves possession, transportation, sale, purchase, import/export, stocking, or facilitation of prohibited intoxicants. In practice, even a single vehicle interception or a “party raid” can trigger multiple sections of the Gujarat Prohibition Act, 1949, along with allied offences under the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS), 2023 (where allegations of forgery, fake number plates, conspiracy, etc. are added).

Advocate Paresh M Modi (Ahmedabad, Gujarat) handles regular bail, anticipatory bail, default bail, quashing, discharge, and defence strategy in liquor/prohibition matters—particularly where the case is inflated by clubbing of sections, alleged “commercial quantity,” repeated remand, or vehicle confiscation complications.


Advocate Paresh M Modi – High Court Advocate for Bail in Liquor & Prohibition Act Cases in Gujarat


Advocate Paresh M Modi is a leading High Court Advocate for bail in liquor case in Gujarat, widely trusted for handling complex Prohibition Act offences, liquor FIR quashing, anticipatory bail, and regular bail matters before the Gujarat High Court, Sessions Courts and District Courts. He is recognized as the best High Court advocate for liquor bail in Gujarat, providing immediate legal protection to accused persons facing arrest in liquor transport, liquor possession, bootlegging, party raid, illegal liquor sale, and vehicle seizure cases.

As a seasoned Prohibition Act bail lawyer in Ahmedabad, Advocate Modi delivers result-oriented defence in cases involving liquor smuggling, import-export violations, confiscation of vehicles, FIR cancellation, and stay proceedings. His legal strategies focus on conscious possession defence, illegal seizure challenges, sampling irregularities, quantity calculation disputes, and misuse of Sections 65, 66, 81, 83, 98(2) and 116B of the Gujarat Prohibition Act.

Clients searching for a High Court liquor bail lawyer near me in Ahmedabad, a High Court advocate for liquor FIR quashing Gujarat, or a High Court bail lawyer for prohibition cases rely on Advocate Paresh M Modi for urgent bail, stay, discharge and vehicle release reliefs. He has successfully represented numerous accused persons in liquor offence bail matters, ensuring protection from custodial harassment and speedy judicial relief.

With focused practice in Gujarat prohibition litigation, Advocate Modi stands as the most reliable High Court advocate for liquor arrest bail, liquor seizure bail, and vehicle confiscation defence in Gujarat.


Key Gujarat Prohibition Law Framework

While each FIR is fact-specific, Gujarat Police typically invokes combinations of the following:

1) Core offence section – Section 65 (including 65(e))

Section 65 broadly penalizes illegal import/export/manufacture/bottling/possession/transport/sale/purchase of intoxicants in contravention of the Act, rules, or permit regime.

2) “Drunk condition / consumption” style provisions – Section 66

Section 66 is often used when a person is alleged to have consumed liquor outside Gujarat and entered Gujarat in intoxicated condition, or allied variants depending on the factual matrix and amendments.

3) Confiscation / muddamal vehicle – Section 98(2)

This is the most litigated provision for liquor cases because it impacts vehicle release and “muddamal custody”:

  • Section 98(2) makes conveyances used to carry intoxicants liable to confiscation, and historically created an embargo on interim release when seized quantity exceeded the “prescribed quantity.”
  • Gujarat has prescribed the relevant “quantity” as 20 litres via Home Department notification dated 2 July 2019 (amending the 2012 Rules).
  • In 2024, Gujarat amended Section 98(2) to enable auction of confiscated vehicles before final judgment (subject to prescribed manner and court permission), reflecting the State’s policy to prevent deterioration and recurring misuse.

4) Typical “package” sections in FIRs (81 / 83 / 116B etc.)

FIRs frequently add Section 81, Section 83, Section 116B (often reflecting additional allegations such as facilitation/abetment/attempt/connected contraventions—depending on the police narrative and the case type). You will see these combined routinely in bail orders and FIR recitals.


Quantity Details That Matter in Gujarat Liquor Matters (Bail + Seizure)

  1. A) The “20 litres” threshold: what it actually affects

The 20-litre prescribed quantity is not a universal “bail eligibility” cut-off. In practice, it most directly impacts:

  1. Vehicle / conveyance release under Section 98(2) (muddamal custody and confiscation consequences).
  2. The State’s argument that a case is serious / organised / commercial and therefore bail should be opposed more strongly—particularly where bottles/cases indicate distribution intent.
  1. B) How police measure “quantity”

Quantity is commonly computed in:

  • Litres (for bulk transport or large consignments), or
  • Bottle/can counts converted into litres during panchnama and sampling.

The 2012 sampling/quantity determination framework (and its amendment to 20 litres) is repeatedly referenced in Gujarat litigation around seizure and interim custody.


Types of Bail in Prohibition Matters

Depending on stage and custody status, defence typically proceeds via:

  1. Anticipatory Bail (pre-arrest)
    Where there is risk of arrest based on FIR naming, CDR location theory, co-accused statement, ownership of vehicle, or “supplier chain” allegation.
  2. Regular Bail (post-arrest)
    Once remand ends or investigation stabilises, emphasis shifts to role, recovery attribution, antecedents, triability, and proportional custody.
  3. Default Bail
    Where the prosecution fails to complete investigation/charge-sheet within statutory timelines—this is highly fact-specific and procedural.

Recent Gujarat orders explicitly reflect BNSS as the bail procedure statute in 2024–2025 matters.


Defence Strategy for the Accused

Below are the most effective defence “tracks” used in Gujarat liquor cases. A well-built bail file typically uses several together.

1) No “conscious possession” / no nexus to contraband

A recurring winning theme is: the accused is not the possessor/owner/handler and there is no credible evidence of conscious possession.

  • Example: Gujarat High Court orders commonly record defence that the accused is roped in only on co-accused statement, with no recovery from him and no conscious possession.

2) Role differentiation (driver vs passenger vs owner vs alleged supplier)

Courts frequently differentiate:

  • Mere presence,
  • Minor crew/assistant role,
  • Ownership without knowledge,
  • Alleged supplier/financier.

A 2025 Gujarat High Court bail order, for instance, notes that no specific role is attributed beyond presence/crew status, along with no antecedents and custody duration—granting bail.

3) Antecedents and “repeat offender” narrative

Gujarat prosecution heavily argues deterrence. Defence counters with:

  • Clean antecedents,
  • Stable residence/occupation,
  • Low flight risk,
  • Willingness to cooperate and comply with conditions.

4) Procedural and evidentiary vulnerabilities

A strong prohibition defence scrutinises:

  • Panchnama integrity and independent panch witnesses,
  • Sampling compliance and chain-of-custody,
  • Whether quantity calculation is reliable,
  • Whether “permit/pass” aspects were properly verified,
  • For vehicle cases: whether confiscation steps were initiated as required.

5) “Triable by Magistrate” and proportional custody argument

In many prohibition cases (especially party/possession matters), courts consider prolonged custody disproportionate where trial is not imminent.

6) Medical/permit exceptions (where applicable)

For certain classes (permit holders, medical prescriptions, authorised possession), defence focuses on:

  • Documentary proof,
  • Licensing/permit regime compliance,
  • Lack of mens rea.

Favourable Judgments and Practical Bail Reasoning (What Helps the Accused)

Because liquor cases are fact-driven, “favourable” rulings are best used for principles:

1) Gujarat High Court: Regular bail granted in Prohibition Act combinations

Gujarat High Court orders show routine grant of bail where the court is satisfied on role/antecedents/conditions—e.g., offences under Sections 65(a)(e), 98(2), 81, 116B.

Another example shows the standard FIR bundle (65(a), 65(e), 81, 83, 98(2), 116(b)) being considered in regular bail proceedings.

2) Gujarat High Court: BNSS-era bail

Courts have already begun referencing BNSS provisions while granting bail in liquor transportation networks (e.g., Daman-to-Gujarat movement allegations), relying on general bail jurisprudence and proportionality.

3) Supreme Court / vehicle release context under Section 98(2)

While this is more about muddamal/vehicle custody than bail, it is crucial in liquor defence practice because vehicle seizure is often used as leverage. The Supreme Court notes the statutory embargo where seized quantity exceeds the prescribed threshold (20 litres as per the 02.07.2019 notification), and emphasises proper procedural route and statutory scheme.


Why a Specialist Bail Lawyer Matters in Gujarat Prohibition Cases

Liquor FIRs in Gujarat are frequently “section-heavy,” and outcomes turn on:

  • How the role is framed (principal vs peripheral),
  • Whether the case is treated as consumption/party vs transport/supply chain,
  • Whether the court is shown clear compliance, cooperation, and low-risk profile,
  • Whether seizure/quantity issues are technically challenged.

A specialist bail practice also coordinates:

  • Prompt remand opposition,
  • Early regular bail filing,
  • Vehicle release strategy (where maintainable), and
  • Post-charge-sheet bail improvements.

Contact – Advocate Paresh M Modi (Ahmedabad, Gujarat)

Mobile (WhatsApp message only): +91 9925002031 (9 AM to 9 PM)
Office Landline: +91-79-48001468 (10:30 AM to 6:30 PM, working days)
Email: advocatepmmodi@gmail.com
Website: www.advocatepmmodi.in
Office: Office No. C/112, Supath-2 Complex, Opp. Kohinoor Plaza Hotel, Near Old Wadaj Bus Stand, Ashram Road, Ahmedabad – 380013, Gujarat (visit after calling)


ગુજરાતમાં દારૂના કેસ માટે શ્રેષ્ઠ બેઈલ (જામીન) વકીલ – એડવોકેટ પરેશ એમ મોદી (અમદાવાદ)


ગુજરાત રાજ્યમાં દારૂબંધી કાયદો (Gujarat Prohibition Act, 1949) ભારતનો સૌથી કડક કાયદો માનવામાં આવે છે. અહીં માત્ર દારૂ પીવાનું જ નહીં પરંતુ:

  • દારૂ રાખવો
    • દારૂ લાવવો–લે જવો
    • દારૂ વેચવો–ખરીદવો
    • દારૂનો જથ્થો સંગ્રહ કરવો
    • વાહનમાં દારૂ લઈ જવો
    • અન્ય રાજ્યમાંથી દારૂ લાવવો
    આ તમામ કૃત્યો ગુનાહિત છે.

આવા કેસોમાં બેઈલ (જામીન) મેળવવો અત્યંત ટેકનિકલ પ્રક્રિયા છે, અને યોગ્ય કાનૂની રણનીતિ વગર આરોપીને લાંબા સમય સુધી જેલવાસ ભોગવવો પડે છે.

આ ક્ષેત્રમાં એડવોકેટ પરેશ એમ. મોદી, અમદાવાદ ગુજરાતમાં દારૂ કેસના બેઈલ (જામીન) માટે અત્યંત અનુભવી અને સફળ વકીલ તરીકે જાણીતા છે.


એડવોકેટ પરેશ એમ મોદી – ગુજરાત હાઇકોર્ટમાં દારૂ કેસના બેલ માટે અગ્રણી વકીલ


એડવોકેટ પરેશ એમ મોદી ગુજરાતમાં દારૂના કેસ માટે હાઇકોર્ટ બેલ એડવોકેટ તરીકે વિશેષ ઓળખ ધરાવે છે. તેઓ Gujarat Prohibition Act હેઠળ નોંધાયેલા દારૂ લાવવું, દારૂ વેચાણ, દારૂ સંગ્રહ, પાર્ટી રેડ, બૂટલેગિંગ, દારૂ સ્મગ્લિંગ, અને વાહન જપ્તી જેવા ગંભીર ગુનાઓમાં Anticipatory Bail, Regular Bail, FIR Quashing અને Stay જેવા કાનૂની ઉપાયો માટે જાણીતા છે.

જો તમે અમદાવાદમાં “High Court Advocate for Liquor Bail near me”, Prohibition Act Bail Lawyer in Gujarat, અથવા Liquor FIR Quashing Advocate in Gujarat શોધી રહ્યા છો તો એડવોકેટ પરેશ એમ. મોદી વિશ્વસનીય અને પરિણામ આધારિત કાનૂની સેવા આપે છે.

તેમની રક્ષણાત્મક રણનીતિઓમાં મુખ્યત્વે:

  • Conscious Possession ના અભાવની દલીલ
    • ખોટી રીતે લગાવવામાં આવેલી કલમ 65, 66, 81, 83, 98(2), 116(B) ને પડકાર
    • ગેરકાયદેસર સીઝર અને સેમ્પલિંગની ખામીઓ
    • વાહન કન્ફિસ્કેશન અને રિલીઝ માટે હાઇકોર્ટ કાર્યવાહી

નો સમાવેશ થાય છે.

એડવોકેટ પરેશ એમ મોદી ગુજરાત હાઇકોર્ટ, સેશન્સ કોર્ટ અને જિલ્લા કોર્ટમાં દારૂના કેસના બેઈલ માટે વિશેષ પ્રેક્ટિસ ધરાવે છે અને અનેક આરોપીઓને તાત્કાલિક બેલ અને કાનૂની સુરક્ષા અપાવી ચૂક્યા છે.

જો તમને Liquor Arrest Bail in Gujarat, High Court Advocate for Vehicle Release in Liquor Case, અથવા Prohibition Act High Court Bail Lawyer જોઈએ હોય તો એડવોકેટ પરેશ એમ મોદી શ્રેષ્ઠ પસંદગી છે.


લાગુ પડતા મુખ્ય કાયદા અને કલમો

કલમ 65 (65(e))

દારૂ લાવવો, લઈ જવો, વેચવો, સંગ્રહ કરવો, ટ્રાન્સપોર્ટ કરવો – આ તમામ કૃત્યો માટે મુખ્ય કલમ.

કલમ 66

ગુજરાતમાં બહારથી દારૂ પીધા પછી રાજ્યમાં પ્રવેશ કરવો.

કલમ 98(2) – વાહન જપ્તી અને કન્ફિસ્કેશન

જો દારૂ વાહનમાં પકડાય તો તે વાહન જપ્ત કરવામાં આવે છે અને વાહન છોડાવવું અઘરું બની જાય છે.

કલમ 81, 83, 116(B)

સહાય, સાજિશ, સહભાગી બનવું, પુરવઠો કરવો વગેરે માટે ઉપયોગ થતી કલમો.


20 લીટર નિયમ (જથ્થા સંબંધિત મહત્વપૂર્ણ નિયમ)

ગુજરાત સરકારની 2-7-2019ની નોટિફિકેશન મુજબ:

👉 જો જપ્ત થયેલ દારૂ 20 લીટર અથવા તેનાથી વધુ હોય તો:
• વાહન છોડાવવું મુશ્કેલ બને છે
• આરોપ ગંભીર ગણાય છે
• બેઈલ (જામીન) માટે કડક વલણ લેવામાં આવે છે
• વાહન કન્ફિસ્કેશન/ઓક્શન સુધી જઈ શકે છે


બેઈલ (જામીન) ના પ્રકાર

પ્રકારઅર્થ
Anticipatory Bailધરપકડ પહેલા
Regular Bailધરપકડ પછી
Default Bailચાર્જશીટ મોડું થાય ત્યારે

હાલ બેઈલ (જામીન)ની પ્રક્રિયા BNSS (Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023) મુજબ ચાલે છે.


આરોપીના મજબૂત ડિફેન્સ (રક્ષણના આધાર)

1. Conscious Possession નથી

આરોપી પાસે દારૂ હોવાનો સીધો પુરાવો નથી.

2. માત્ર હાજરી – મુખ્ય આરોપી નથી

આરોપી માત્ર ડ્રાઈવર/મજુર/મિત્ર છે.

3. કોઈ અગાઉનો ગુનો નથી

Clean antecedents – પહેલાનો કોઈ કેસ નથી.

4. પંચનામા, સેમ્પલિંગ, નોટિફિકેશનમાં ખામી

કાયદાકીય ખામીઓ બેઈલ (જામીન) માટે મહત્વપૂર્ણ બની જાય છે.

5. ગુનો મેજિસ્ટ્રેટ કોર્ટમાં ચાલે એવો છે

લાંબો જેલવાસ જરૂરી નથી.


આરોપીના હકમાં ચુકાદાઓ

ગુજરાત હાઇકોર્ટે અનેક ચુકાદાઓમાં:

  • Section 65, 81, 83, 98(2), 116B હેઠળના આરોપીઓના બેઈલ (જામીન) મંજૂર કર્યા છે
    • જ્યાં આરોપીની ભૂમિકા નાની હોય
    • કોઈ ક્રિમિનલ રેકોર્ડ ન હોય
    • તપાસ પૂર્ણ થઈ ગઈ હોય

સુપ્રીમ કોર્ટે પણ 98(2) હેઠળ 20 લીટર નિયમને માન્ય રાખ્યો છે પરંતુ કાયદેસર પ્રક્રિયા પાલન પર ભાર મૂક્યો છે.


કેમ Advocate Paresh M Modi શ્રેષ્ઠ છે?

  • 1000+ બેઈલ (જામીન) કેસમાં અનુભવ
    • Prohibition Act હેઠળ વિશેષ પ્રેક્ટિસ
    • Vehicle Release & Quashingમાં કુશળતા
    • Gujarat High Court સુધી અસરકારક રજૂઆત

Practice Areas of Advocate Paresh M Modi

Ahmedabad, Adalaj, Adipur, Ahwa, Aithor, Alang, Ambaji, Aambaliyasan, Amod, Amreli, Anand, Ankleshwar, Anjar, Atul, Babra, Bagasara, Balasinor, Banaskantha, Bardoli, Baroda, Bayad, Bavla, Bechraji, Bhachau, Bharuch, Bhavnagar, Bhuj, Bilimora, Borsad, Botad, Chaklasi, Chanasma, Chhota Udepur, Chikhli, Chorvad, Chotila, Dahisara, Dahod, Dahegam, Dakor, Danta, Dang, Dediapada, Deesa, Devbhumi Dwarka, Dhanera, Dhandhuka, Dholera, Dhrangadhra, Dhoraji, Dhrol, Dharampur, Disa, Diu, Dwarka, Fatehganj, Gandhidham, Gandhinagar, Gir Somnath, Ghoghamba, Godhra, Gondal, Gozaria, Halol, Halvad, Hansot, Harij, Himmat Nagar, Idar, Jamjodhpur, Jamnagar, Jasdan, Jetalpur, Jetpur, Jambughoda, Junagadh, Kachchh, Kadi, Kalol, Kanjari, Kanodar, Kankrej, Karjan, Katargam, Keshod, Kheda, Khambhat, Kodinar, Kosamba, Koth, Kutiyana, Lakhtar, Lalpur, Lathi, Limdi, Lunawada, Mahisagar, Mahemdavad, Mahuva, Malpur, Mandvi, Mansa, Manavadar, Mangrol, Matar, Mehsana, Modasa, Morbi, Muli, Mundra, Nadiad, Nakhatrana, Naliya, Narmada, Naroda, Narol, Navsari, Okha, Olpad, Padra, Palanpur, Paliyad, Palitana, Panchmahal, Patan, Petlad, Pipavav, Porbandar, Prantij, Radhanpur, Rajkot, Rajpipla, Ranavav, Ranpur, Sabarkantha, Salaya, Samakhiali, Sanand, Santrampur, Savarkundla, Savli, Sayan, Shahera, Shihor, Sidhpur, Sikka, Sojitra, Songadh, Surat, Surendranagar, Sutrapada, Talaja, Talod, Tapi, Tarapur, Tharad, Thasra, Umreth, Una, Unjha, Upleta, Umergam, Vadnagar, Vadodara, Vaghodia, Vaav, Valsad, Vansda, Vapi, Veraval, Vijapur, Visnagar, Viramgam, Vyara, Wankaner, Zinzuwada,


Legal Words and Definitions


Act

An Act is a formalized law passed by the legislature or parliament that governs specific areas, policies, or regulations. It serves as the legal framework for ensuring compliance and justice.


Section

A Section is a subdivision of an Act that elaborates on specific provisions, rules, or regulations under the Act. Each section addresses distinct aspects of the law.


Court

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Case

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Lawyer

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Advocate

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Vakil

A traditional Indian term meaning lawyer or advocate who represents parties in legal matters.


Attorney

A legal representative or agent empowered to act for another in legal or business transactions.


Barrister

A lawyer trained in advocacy, typically practicing in higher courts, especially in the UK-style legal system.


Solicitor

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Lawyers

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Advocates

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Law Firm

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In

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For

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Near

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Near Me

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Ahmedabad

Ahmedabad is a prominent city in Gujarat, India, known for its legal hubs, courts, and skilled lawyers handling a wide range of cases.


Gujarat

Gujarat is a state in western India with a robust legal framework and multiple courts addressing various civil, criminal, and corporate cases.


Gandhinagar

Gandhinagar is the capital city of Gujarat, hosting significant legal institutions and administrative offices.


India

India is a country with a vast legal system governed by the Constitution and various laws, hosting multiple courts from district to Supreme Court levels.


District Court

The District Court is the primary trial court where liquor, prohibition, criminal and property cases are initially registered, investigated, tried, and where first bail applications and charge-sheet proceedings are conducted.


Sessions Court

The Sessions Court hears serious criminal matters, appeals from Magistrate Courts, and regular bail applications in grave liquor, prohibition and confiscation cases involving higher punishments.


Gujarat High Court

The Gujarat High Court exercises constitutional and appellate jurisdiction over all courts in the state and provides remedies such as anticipatory bail, FIR quashing, stay orders, vehicle release, and criminal writ petitions in liquor and prohibition matters.


Supreme Court

The Supreme Court of India is the apex judicial authority where final appeals, special leave petitions (SLP), and constitutional remedies are sought in complex liquor, prohibition and confiscation cases.


Daaru

“Daaru” is a common term used to describe any alcoholic substance prohibited under the Gujarat Prohibition Act, including country liquor and illicitly brewed alcohol.


Liquor

Liquor refers to all forms of alcoholic beverages, including beer, wine, rum, vodka and imported spirits, possession or consumption of which is restricted or prohibited in Gujarat without lawful permit.


Whiskey

Whiskey is a distilled alcoholic spirit classified as prohibited liquor under the Gujarat Prohibition Act and commonly involved in seizure, transportation and smuggling offence cases.


Seized

“Seized” refers to property, liquor, cash or vehicles taken into police custody during investigation for alleged violation of prohibition and criminal laws.


Confiscation

Confiscation is the legal process by which seized liquor and vehicles are permanently taken over by the State Government following court orders under the Prohibition Act.


Drink & Drive

Drink & Drive is a traffic and criminal offence where a person is found driving a vehicle under the influence of alcohol, punishable under the Motor Vehicles Act and Prohibition laws.


Vehicles

Vehicles include cars, bikes, trucks and other conveyances used in alleged transportation of liquor, which are liable to seizure and confiscation in prohibition offences.


Bail

Bail is the legal release of an accused person from custody upon furnishing bond and compliance with court-imposed conditions during the pendency of criminal proceedings.


Anticipatory Bail

Anticipatory Bail is pre-arrest legal protection granted by the Sessions Court or High Court to prevent custodial arrest in liquor and prohibition offences.


Regular Bail

Regular Bail is granted after arrest, allowing the accused to be released from judicial custody while the case is pending trial.


Police Station

The Police Station is the authority where FIRs are registered, seizures are recorded, accused are detained, and investigation of liquor and prohibition offences is conducted.


સંપર્ક વિગતો- એડવોકેટ પરેશ એમ મોદી (અમદાવાદ, ગુજરાત)

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Categories Criminal Cases

Sharad Birdhichand Sarda v. State of Maharashtra (1984) – The Supreme Court’s Golden Principles on Circumstantial Evidence | Discussed by Advocate Paresh M Modi


Sharad Birdhichand Sarda v. State of Maharashtra (1984) – The Supreme Court’s Golden Principles on Circumstantial Evidence


Sharad Birdhichand Sarda v. State of Maharashtra, (1984) 4 SCC 116 is one of the most celebrated and authoritative judgments of the Hon’ble Supreme Court of India dealing with convictions based purely on circumstantial evidence. This landmark decision crystallised the doctrine of the “Panchsheel” (Five Golden Principles), which today governs the appreciation of circumstantial evidence in criminal trials across India.


Factual Matrix of the Case

The deceased, Smt. Manju Shree, married the appellant Sharad Birdhichand Sarda in February 1982. Barely four months after the marriage, Manju was found dead due to potassium cyanide poisoning. The prosecution alleged that the accused was emotionally involved with another woman, Ujvala, and that Manju had become an obstacle in his life. On this alleged motive, it was contended that Sharad murdered his wife by administering cyanide.

The defence, however, categorically denied the allegation of murder and contended that Manju was a sensitive and emotionally vulnerable person who was under psychological stress due to a disappointing marital life and that the death was a case of suicide.


Findings of the Trial Court and the High Court

The Trial Court and the Bombay High Court rejected the theory of suicide. Relying upon 17 circumstantial links, both courts held Sharad guilty of murder and imposed the death penalty, treating the case as falling within the “rarest of rare” category.


Supreme Court Verdict

The Hon’ble Supreme Court, after a comprehensive examination of the record, reversed the conviction and acquitted the accused. The Court emphatically held that:

When two views are reasonably possible on the evidence on record, the one favouring the accused must necessarily be adopted.

The Court found that the prosecution had failed to establish the charge beyond reasonable doubt and that the chain of circumstances was incomplete, fragile, and insufficient to sustain a conviction for murder.


Important Legal Findings

1. Incomplete Chain of Circumstances

The prosecution failed to prove:

  • That the accused was in exclusive possession of the poison, and

  • That he had the exclusive opportunity to administer it to the deceased.

Thus, the vital links connecting the accused to the commission of the offence were missing.


2. Admissibility of Letters – Section 32(1) of the Evidence Act

The prosecution relied upon letters written by Manju to her sister expressing emotional distress. The Court held that these letters were too remote in time and did not directly relate to the cause of death. Hence, they could not be treated as “circumstances of the transaction” under Section 32(1) of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872.


3. False Defence Cannot Cure Prosecution Lapses

The Court clarified a crucial principle:

A false explanation or false defence taken by the accused cannot be used to fill gaps in the prosecution case.
The prosecution must independently stand on its own legs and prove the guilt beyond reasonable doubt.


The “Panchsheel” – Five Golden Principles of Circumstantial Evidence

The Supreme Court laid down the following five indispensable conditions that must be cumulatively satisfied before recording a conviction on circumstantial evidence:

  1. All circumstances relied upon must be fully established by clear, cogent, and reliable evidence.

  2. The proved facts must be consistent only with the hypothesis of the guilt of the accused and not explainable on any other reasonable hypothesis.

  3. The circumstances must be of a conclusive nature and tendency, pointing unerringly towards the guilt of the accused.

  4. The circumstances must exclude every possible hypothesis except that of the accused’s guilt.

  5. There must be a complete and unbroken chain of evidence, which leaves no reasonable ground for a conclusion consistent with the innocence of the accused.


Legal Significance

This judgment remains the bedrock authority for all criminal trials based on circumstantial evidence. It reinforces the cardinal principle of criminal jurisprudence that suspicion, however strong, cannot take the place of proof, and that the benefit of doubt must invariably go to the accused.

The Panchsheel principles laid down in this case continue to be consistently followed by all courts while adjudicating murder trials, dowry death cases, poisoning cases, and all criminal matters resting solely on circumstantial evidence.


Sharad Birdhichand Sarda v. State of Maharashtra (1984) – Circumstantial Evidence Panchsheel Judgment


Sharad Birdhichand Sarda v. State of Maharashtra, (1984) 4 SCC 116 એ ભારતના સુપ્રીમ કોર્ટનો એક અતિપ્રમુખ અને આધારભૂત ચુકાદો છે, જેમાં માત્ર circumstantial evidence (પરોક્ષ પુરાવા) ઉપર આધારિત દોષસિદ્ધિ માટેની Panchsheel – Five Golden Principles ની સ્થાપના કરવામાં આવી છે.

આ ચુકાદો આજ પણ murder, dowry death, poisoning અને અન્ય ગંભીર ગુનાઓમાં આધારસ્તંભ તરીકે લાગુ પડે છે.


Facts of the Case – કેસના તથ્યો

Deceased Manju Shree એ ફેબ્રુઆરી 1982માં આરોપી Sharad Birdhichand Sarda સાથે લગ્ન કર્યા હતા. ચાર મહિના બાદ Manju નું મૃત્યુ Potassium Cyanide poisoning થી થયું હતું.

Prosecution નો કેસ હતો કે આરોપી Sharad ને બીજી સ્ત્રી Ujvala સાથે પ્રેમ સંબંધ હતો અને Manju તેની માટે અવરોધ બની હતી, તેથી તેણે તેની હત્યા કરી.

Defence નું કહેવું હતું કે Manju એક sensitive અને emotionally vulnerable સ્વભાવની હતી અને લગ્નજીવનથી હતાશ હતી અને આ એક suicide (આત્મહત્યા) નો કેસ છે.


Trial Court & High Court Findings

Trial Court અને Bombay High Court એ suicide થિયરીને નકારી Sharad ને murder માટે દોષિત ઠેરવ્યો અને death sentence ફટકારી હતી, જેમાં 17 circumstantial links નો આધાર લેવાયો હતો.


Supreme Court Ruling – સુપ્રીમ કોર્ટનો ચુકાદો

Hon’ble Supreme Court એ બંને નીચલી કોર્ટના ચુકાદા રદ કરીને આરોપીને acquit (નિર્દોષ જાહેર) કર્યો અને સ્પષ્ટ કહ્યું કે:

When two views are possible, the view favourable to the accused must be adopted.

અર્થાત્ જ્યારે murder અને suicide બંને શક્ય હોય ત્યારે આરોપીને benefit of doubt આપવો ફરજિયાત છે.


Key Legal Findings – મહત્વના કાયદાકીય મુદ્દા

1. Incomplete Chain of Circumstances

Prosecution એ સાબિત ન કરી શક્યું કે:

  • Poison આરોપી પાસે જ હતું, અને

  • માત્ર આરોપી પાસે જ તેને આપવાની તક હતી.

આથી chain of evidence incomplete ગણાઈ.


2. Letters & Section 32(1) Evidence Act

Manju દ્વારા લખાયેલા પત્રો emotional distress દર્શાવે છે, પરંતુ મૃત્યુના સીધા કારણ સાથે સંકળાયેલા નથી. તેથી તેઓને Section 32(1) Evidence Act મુજબ “circumstances of transaction” તરીકે માન્ય ગણવામાં આવ્યા નહોતા.


3. False Defence Cannot Cure Prosecution Case

Court એ સ્પષ્ટ કહ્યું કે:

False plea of accused prosecution ના loopholes ભરવા ઉપયોગી બની શકતું નથી. Prosecution ને પોતાનો કેસ independently સાબિત કરવો જ પડે.


Panchsheel – Five Golden Principles

પરોક્ષ પુરાવા આધારિત દોષસિદ્ધિ માટે નીચેની પાંચ શરતો અનિવાર્ય છે:

  1. All circumstances must be fully proved
    તમામ પરિસ્થિતિઓ સ્પષ્ટ, મજબૂત પુરાવાથી સાબિત થવી જોઈએ.

  2. Facts must point only towards guilt of accused
    સાબિત થયેલા તથ્યો માત્ર આરોપીની દોષિતતા તરફ જ સૂચક હોવા જોઈએ.

  3. Circumstances must be conclusive
    પરિસ્થિતિઓ નિર્ણાયક અને સ્પષ્ટ હોવી જોઈએ.

  4. Must exclude every hypothesis except guilt
    આરોપીની નિર્દોષતા સાથે મેળ ખાતી દરેક શક્યતા દૂર થવી જોઈએ.

  5. Complete and unbroken chain of evidence
    પુરાવાની સંપૂર્ણ સાંકળ એવી હોવી જોઈએ કે કોઈ reasonable doubt બાકી ન રહે.


Legal Importance – કાયદાકીય મહત્વ

આ ચુકાદો સ્પષ્ટ કરે છે કે:

“Suspicion, however strong, cannot take the place of proof.”
શંકા કેટલીય મજબૂત હોય, તે પુરાવાનું સ્થાન લઈ શકતી નથી.

આથી આ કેસ આજે પણ circumstantial evidence આધારિત તમામ criminal matters માં guiding precedent તરીકે લાગુ પડે છે.


Categories Criminal Cases, Criminal Lawyer

Why police usually destroy seized Liquor – whisky in Gujarat | Legal Opinion By Advocate Paresh M Modi


Why police usually destroy seized Liquor – whisky in Gujarat | Legal Opinion By Advocate Paresh M Modi


1) Why police usually destroy seized “Liquor – whisky” in Gujarat

Gujarat is a “prohibition” State. The seized liquor is treated as contraband (illegal intoxicant). In most cases, the State cannot lawfully “monetise” it by selling it (even outside Gujarat) because:

  1. Sale / trade is itself prohibited except through very limited permit/licence channels
    The Gujarat Prohibition Act creates a general prohibition on manufacture, sale, possession, transport, import/export etc., unless specifically permitted under the Act/rules/permits. Therefore, police (or the State) cannot simply convert contraband into a revenue item by selling it like ordinary seized goods.
  2. The liquor is “liable to confiscation” as contraband
    When an offence under the Act is made out, the “intoxicant” (liquor) and even the receptacles/packages and conveyances used are liable to confiscation by order of the Court.
  3. The Act expressly allows sale or destruction in specified situations
    Section 101 empowers the competent authority/Court to direct sale where the item is subject to speedy and natural decay or where sale would benefit the owner; and it also empowers the Court/authority to order destruction where the item is perishable/trifling value and destruction is expedient. Practically, for illegal liquor, Courts/authorities frequently lean toward destruction to prevent re-circulation and misuse. India Code
  4. The Act gives rule-making power for destruction / disposal
    Section 143 (rule-making power) specifically contemplates:

    • “destruction or other disposal” of intoxicant declared unfit for use, and
    • “disposal of confiscated or forfeited articles”.
      This is the statutory basis for Government rules/administrative mechanisms that result in destruction rather than resale.
  5. Criminal procedure law encourages early disposal (do not store huge quantities)
    Under CrPC Section 451, the criminal court can pass orders for proper custody and, where expedient, order property to be “sold or otherwise disposed of” pending trial. The Supreme Court in Sunderbhai Ambalal Desai v. State of Gujarat emphasised that large quantities of seized property (including liquor) should not be kept in police stations for long; after proper panchnama/photographs/samples, prompt disposal is appropriate. This supports destruction as a standard approach for seized liquor. Indian Kanoon+2jail.rajasthan.gov.in+2

2) Why they do not sell it to other States

Even if another State permits liquor sale, Gujarat authorities cannot casually “export” contraband because:

  • Export/transport of liquor is itself regulated/prohibited without statutory authorisation/permit (prohibition policy).
  • The seized liquor is case-property (muddamal) and evidence. Disposal must follow CrPC + Court orders + Act provisions; it is not an “asset” the police can trade. Indian Kanoon+1
  • Chain-of-custody / adulteration risk: seized bottles may be tampered, refilled, mixed, or unsafe; resale creates public health risk and litigation risk.
  • Integrity concerns: resale increases chances of diversion back into the illegal market; destruction is administratively safer and aligns with prohibition objectives.

So, in Gujarat, destruction is often the most legally defensible and policy-consistent route.


3) Key legal provisions

Gujarat Prohibition Act, 1949

  • Section 12 / 13: broad prohibition on manufacture, sale, import/export/transport/possession/consumption except as permitted.
  • Section 98: “Things liable to confiscation” (intoxicant + packages + conveyances etc.).
  • Section 99–100: procedure/orders relating to confiscation.
  • Section 101: power to order sale (in limited circumstances) and destruction (where expedient).
  • Section 143: power to make rules; explicitly includes destruction/disposal and disposal of confiscated/forfeited articles.

Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC)

  • Section 451: court’s power for custody and disposal of property pending trial (“sold or otherwise disposed of”).
    (Also, commonly relevant in practice: Sections 457/452 for disposal/return in other contexts, but Section 451 is the main one relied upon during trial stage.)

Case law

  • Sunderbhai Ambalal Desai v. State of Gujarat (SC): encourages prompt disposal of seized property; do not store bulky muddamal for long; keep samples/photographs/panchnama.

4) Gazette

  • The Act itself provides that rules/notifications are issued in the Official Gazette and that rules are generally subject to “previous publication” and legislative laying.
  • Example of a Gujarat Government Gazette publication relating to amendments to the Prohibition law framework: Gujarat Government Gazette dated 2 September 2024 publishing an Act assented on 31 August 2024. (This specific 2024 change was widely reported regarding auction of vehicles, not liquor, but it shows the Gazette route for Prohibition-law changes.)

If you want the exact Gazette / GR / Rules that your local police station or district follows for “destruction procedure” (committee, panchnama format, videography, FSL sample retention, etc.), it is typically implemented via departmental circulars/manuals + court orders; the statutory anchors remain Sections 101 and 143 plus CrPC 451.


શા માટે પોલીસ સામાન્ય રીતે ગુજરાતમાં જપ્ત કરાયેલ દારૂ – વ્હિસ્કીનો નાશ કરે છે | એડવોકેટ પરેશ એમ મોદી દ્વારા કાનૂની અભિપ્રાય


1) ગુજરાતમાં જપ્ત કરેલ દારૂ/વિસ્કી પોલીસ સામાન્ય રીતે નષ્ટ કેમ કરે છે

ગુજરાત “પ્રોહિબિશન” રાજ્ય છે. જપ્ત થયેલો દારૂ મોટાભાગે ગેરકાયદેસર (contraband) માનવામાં આવે છે. તેથી તેને અન્ય રાજ્યમાં વેચીને “રેવન્યુ” બનાવવું સામાન્ય રીતે કાયદેસર/વ્યવહારુ નથી, કારણ કે:

  1. વેચાણ/વેપાર પર પ્રતિબંધ (પરમિટ/લાઇસન્સ સિવાય)
    ગુજરાત પ્રોહિબિશન એક્ટ હેઠળ દારૂનું ઉત્પાદન, વેચાણ, પરિવહન, આયાત-નિકાસ, કબજો વગેરે ઉપર વ્યાપક પ્રતિબંધ છે—જ્યાં સુધી કાયદેસર પરમિટ/લાઇસન્સ દ્વારા ખાસ મંજૂરી ન હોય. એટલે પોલીસ અથવા રાજ્ય “જપ્ત દારૂ” ને સામાન્ય માલ સમજીને વેચી શકતા નથી.
  2. જપ્ત દારૂ કોર્ટના હુકમથી જપ્ત/જપ્તીપાત્ર (confiscation) બને છે
    ગુનો બને ત્યારે દારૂ, તેનું પેકિંગ/કવરિંગ અને પરિવહન માટે ઉપયોગમાં લીધેલું વાહન વગેરે કોર્ટના ઓર્ડરથી કન્ફિસ્કેટ થવા પાત્ર બને છે.
  3. કાયદામાં જ વેચાણ અથવા નષ્ટ કરવાની વ્યવસ્થા છે
    કલમ 101 હેઠળ (i) વસ્તુ ઝડપથી બગડે એવી હોય અથવા માલિકના હિતમાં વેચાણ યોગ્ય હોય તો વેચાણના આદેશની જોગવાઈ, અને (ii) વસ્તુ ઝડપથી બગડે/ટ્રિફલિંગ વેલ્યુ હોય અને પરિસ્થિતિમાં યોગ્ય લાગે તો નષ્ટ કરવાની જોગવાઈ છે. ગેરકાયદેસર દારૂના કેસમાં “રી-સર્ક્યુલેશન” નો જોખમ હોવાથી નષ્ટ કરવાનું વધુ અપનાવવામાં આવે છે.
  4. નિયમ બનાવવા માટે કલમ 143—નષ્ટ/ડિસ્પોઝલ માટે સ્પષ્ટ આધાર
    કલમ 143 (Rules) માં સરકારને નિયમ બનાવવા સત્તા છે અને તેમાં ખાસ કરીને:

    • ઉપયોગ માટે અયોગ્ય જાહેર કરેલા દારૂ માટે “destruction or other disposal”, અને
    • કન્ફિસ્કેટ/ફોર્ફિટ થયેલ વસ્તુઓના ડિસ્પોઝલ અંગે નિયમો.
  5. CrPC મુજબ “મુદ્દામાલ” લાંબા સમય સુધી થાણે રાખવો યોગ્ય નથી
    CrPC કલમ 451 હેઠળ કોર્ટ કેસ દરમિયાન વસ્તુની કસ્ટડી/ડિસ્પોઝલ અંગે હુકમ કરી શકે છે (“sold or otherwise disposed of”). સુપ્રીમ કોર્ટે Sunderbhai Ambalal Desai v. State of Gujarat માં સ્પષ્ટ કર્યું છે કે મોટી માત્રામાં મુદ્દામાલ (દારૂ સહિત) થાણે રાખવાનો કોઈ અર્થ નથી; જરૂરી પંચનામું/ફોટો/સેમ્પલ વગેરે કર્યા બાદ ઝડપથી ડિસ્પોઝલ કરવો યોગ્ય છે.

2) “બીજા રાજ્યમાં કેમ ન વેચે?” (કાયદાકીય  – વ્યવહારુ કારણ)

  • દારૂનું નિકાસ/પરિવહન પણ કાયદા મુજબ નિયંત્રિત/પ્રતિબંધિત છે (પરમિટ વગર નહીં).
  • જપ્ત દારૂ કેસની મિલકત/પુરાવો (muddamal/evidence) છે; ડિસ્પોઝલ કોર્ટના હુકમ અને CrPC પ્રક્રિયા મુજબ જ થાય છે—પોલીસ પોતાના લેવલે વેપાર કરી શકતી નથી.
  • સીલ તૂટેલી, રીફિલ્ડ, મિશ્રણ, અશુદ્ધ વગેરેનો હેલ્થ રિસ્ક રહે છે—રીસેલથી જાહેર સ્વાસ્થ્ય અને કાયદાકીય જવાબદારી વધે છે.
  • રીસેલ કરવાથી ફરી ગેરકાયદેસર માર્કેટમાં પાછું જવાના ચાન્સ વધે છે; તેથી નષ્ટ કરવું પ્રોહિબિશન નીતિ સાથે વધુ સુસંગત છે.

3) મુખ્ય કલમો

Gujarat Prohibition Act, 1949

  • કલમ 12/13: દારૂનું ઉત્પાદન/વેચાણ/આયાત-નિકાસ/પરિવહન/કબજો વગેરે પર સામાન્ય પ્રતિબંધ (પરમિટ સિવાય).
  • કલમ 98: કન્ફિસ્કેશન-પાત્ર વસ્તુઓ (દારૂ, પેકિંગ, વાહન વગેરે).
  • કલમ 99–100: કન્ફિસ્કેશન સંબંધિત પ્રક્રિયા/ઓર્ડર.
  • કલમ 101: વેચાણ (મર્યાદિત પરિસ્થિતિમાં) અને નષ્ટ કરવાનો ઓર્ડર.
  • કલમ 143: Rules બનાવવાની સત્તા—destroy/disposal તથા confiscated/forfeited articles disposal.

CrPC

  • કલમ 451: કેસ ચાલે ત્યારે મુદ્દામાલની કસ્ટડી/ડિસ્પોઝલ અંગે કોર્ટનો હુકમ.

સુપ્રીમ કોર્ટ

  • Sunderbhai Ambalal Desai: મુદ્દામાલ લાંબા સમય સુધી થાણે રાખવો નહીં; ઝડપથી ડિસ્પોઝલ.

4) Gazette વિશે

  • એક્ટમાં જ Rules/Notifications Official Gazette માં પ્રકાશિત થવાની અને Rules સામાન્ય રીતે “previous publication” તથા વિધાનસભામાં lay થવાની જોગવાઈ દર્શાવવામાં આવી છે.
  • ઉદાહરણ તરીકે, 2 સપ્ટેમ્બર 2024 ના Gujarat Government Gazette માં એક Prohibition સંબંધિત અધિનિયમનું પ્રકાશન દર્શાય છે (આ ફેરફાર મુખ્યત્વે વાહનોના હરાજી/ડિસ્પોઝલ તરફ હતો)…

ગુજરાતમાં દારુ અને વ્હીસ્કી ના નાશ (ડીસ્ટ્રોય) ને લગતી બાબતો માટેના જરૂરી કાયદા અને તેની કલમો


  1. Gujarat Prohibition Act, 1949 – Section 12 & 13

(Prohibition on manufacture, sale, transport, possession etc.)

English:
Section 12 and 13 of the Gujarat Prohibition Act impose a complete statutory ban on manufacture, sale, purchase, possession, transport, import, export and consumption of intoxicating liquor within Gujarat except under a valid permit or licence granted under the Act.

ગુજરાતી:
ગુજરાત પ્રોહિબિશન એક્ટની કલમ 12 અને 13 મુજબ ગુજરાત રાજ્યમાં કોઈપણ પ્રકારના દારૂનું ઉત્પાદન, વેચાણ, ખરીદી, સંગ્રહ, પરિવહન, આયાત-નિકાસ તથા સેવન પર સંપૂર્ણ કાયદેસર પ્રતિબંધ મૂકવામાં આવ્યો છે, સિવાય કે માન્ય પરમિટ અથવા લાઇસન્સ હેઠળ મંજૂરી આપવામાં આવી હોય.


  1. Gujarat Prohibition Act – Section 98

(Things liable to confiscation)

English:
Section 98 declares that intoxicants, packages, containers, vehicles, vessels, animals and premises used in commission of prohibition offences are liable to confiscation by the Court.

ગુજરાતી:
કલમ 98 મુજબ ગુનામાં ઉપયોગ થયેલ દારૂ, પેકિંગ સામગ્રી, ડબ્બા, વાહનો, જહાજો, પ્રાણીઓ તથા સ્થળ—all are કોર્ટ દ્વારા જપ્ત (confiscation) કરવા પાત્ર છે.


  1. Section 99 & 100 – Confiscation Procedure

English:
These sections empower the Court to pass formal confiscation orders after conviction and provide procedural safeguards.

ગુજરાતી:
કલમ 99-100 કોર્ટને દોષ સાબિત થયા બાદ જપ્તીનો કાયદેસર હુકમ કરવાની સત્તા આપે છે અને કાયદેસર પ્રક્રિયા નિર્ધારિત કરે છે.


  1. Section 101 – Sale or Destruction of Seized Liquor

English:
Section 101 authorises the Court or competent authority to order sale or destruction of seized liquor when it is perishable, unsafe, of trifling value, or where destruction is expedient.

ગુજરાતી:
કલમ 101 મુજબ જો દારૂ બગડતો સ્વભાવનો હોય, ઉપયોગ માટે અયોગ્ય હોય અથવા જાહેર હિતમાં યોગ્ય લાગે તો વેચાણ કે નષ્ટ કરવાનો આદેશ આપી શકાય છે.


  1. Section 143 – Rule Making Power (Destruction / Disposal)

English:
Section 143 empowers the State Government to frame Rules regarding destruction and disposal of confiscated liquor and property.

ગુજરાતી:
કલમ 143 રાજ્ય સરકારને જપ્ત દારૂ અને મિલકતના નષ્ટકરણ અને ડિસ્પોઝલ અંગે નિયમો બનાવવાની સત્તા આપે છે.


Old CrPC Section 451 → New BNSS Section 497

(Custody & Disposal of Property Pending Trial)

English:
BNSS Section 497 empowers the criminal court to pass orders for proper custody, sale, destruction or disposal of seized property (Muddamal) during pendency of trial.

ગુજરાતી:
BNSS કલમ 497 મુજબ કેસ ચાલતો હોય ત્યારે કોર્ટને મુદ્દામાલ (Muddamal) અંગે સુરક્ષિત કસ્ટડી, વેચાણ, નષ્ટ અથવા ડિસ્પોઝલ અંગે હુકમ કરવાની સત્તા છે.


Supreme Court Principle (Sunderbhai Case)

English:
The Supreme Court has held that seized liquor should not be stored in police stations for long, and after panchnama, photographs and sampling, the court should order immediate disposal or destruction.

ગુજરાતી:
સુપ્રીમ કોર્ટે સ્પષ્ટ કહ્યું છે કે દારૂ જેવા મુદ્દામાલને લાંબા સમય સુધી થાણે રાખવું યોગ્ય નથી; પંચનામું, ફોટા, સેમ્પલ લીધા પછી તાત્કાલિક નષ્ટ અથવા ડિસ્પોઝલ કરવો જોઈએ.


Legal Conclusion

English:
Therefore, under Sections 12, 13, 98, 101, 143 of Gujarat Prohibition Act read with BNSS Section 497, seized liquor is treated as contraband and its lawful course is court-ordered destruction, not resale.

ગુજરાતી:
અતઃ ગુજરાત પ્રોહિબિશન એક્ટની કલમ 12, 13, 98, 101, 143 તથા BNSS કલમ 497 અનુસાર જપ્ત કરાયેલ દારૂ contraband છે અને તેનો કાયદેસર માર્ગ કોર્ટ દ્વારા નષ્ટ કરવો છે, વેચાણ નહીં.


Contact Advocate Paresh M Modi

In Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, Mumbai, Maharashtra, Pune, Delhi, For legal consultation or representation in matters of Anticipatory bail, Regular bail, Discharge Applications, Special Act Cases, FIR Quashing, Cheque Return Cases, or Criminal Appeal, Revision and For expert legal advice and services, Advocate Paresh M Modi can be contacted during office hours.

  • Office Landline: 079-48001468 (Time 10:30 AM to 6:30 PM, Monday to Saturday).
  • WhatsApp SMS: 9925002031 (Time 9:00 AM to 9:00 PM).
  • Email: advocatepmmodi@gmail.com.
  • Website: www.advocatepmmodi.in.
  • Office Address: Office No. C/112, Supath-2 Complex, Opp. Kohinoor Plaza Hotel, Near Old Wadaj Bus Stand, Ashram Road, Ahmedabad – 380013, Gujarat, India.

 

Categories Criminal Cases, Criminal Lawyer

Top Advocate for Murder Case Trial & Bail in Ahmedabad, Gujarat – Advocate Paresh M Modi


Top Advocate for Murder Case Trial & Bail in Ahmedabad, Gujarat – Advocate Paresh M Modi


When a person is falsely implicated in a murder case, the consequences are devastating—socially, financially, and psychologically. Murder cases are among the gravest offences under Indian criminal jurisprudence, punishable with death penalty or life imprisonment. At such a critical juncture, choosing an experienced, strategic, and result-oriented criminal defence lawyer becomes essential.

Advocate Paresh M Modi, based in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, is widely recognized as one of the most reliable and specialist murder case trial and bail advocates practicing before the District Courts, Sessions Courts, and the Hon’ble Gujarat High Court. With decades of criminal litigation experience, he has successfully defended numerous clients in serious offences under murder, culpable homicide, conspiracy, and attempt to murder provisions.


Advocate Paresh M Modi – Best Murder Case Trial & Bail Advocate in Ahmedabad, Gujarat


Advocate Paresh M Modi is a highly reputed murder case trial and bail advocate in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, known for his authoritative defence in serious offences under Section 302 IPC / relevant provisions of BNS. He regularly appears before the Sessions Courts and the Gujarat High Court and is widely recognized as the best High Court advocate for bail in murder cases in Gujarat.

Clients searching for a murder bail advocate in Ahmedabad, High Court murder bail lawyer near me, or a Gujarat High Court advocate for murder FIR quashing and stay relief rely on Advocate Modi for urgent anticipatory bail, regular bail, and complete trial defence. He handles complex murder investigations, custodial harassment matters, false implication cases, circumstantial evidence trials, and appeal proceedings with precision and strategic legal planning.

Advocate Paresh M Modi provides aggressive and result-oriented defence in Sessions Court murder trials, High Court bail applications, FIR quashing petitions, revisions, criminal appeals, and constitutional writs. His defence strategy focuses on exposing procedural lapses, illegal arrests, defective investigations, lack of motive, contradictions in witness testimony, and misuse of criminal provisions.

With deep expertise in murder bail litigation, Advocate Modi is trusted as a top murder case advocate in Gujarat High Court, delivering timely legal protection and safeguarding the constitutional rights of accused persons.


Top Lawyer for Murder Case in Ahmedabad – Advocate Paresh M Modi


Advocate Paresh M Modi is widely recognised as the Top Lawyer for murder case in Ahmedabad and a Best advocate for murder case in Ahmedabad, providing comprehensive and result-oriented legal defence in serious criminal matters. With extensive courtroom experience before the Sessions Court, District Court and the Gujarat High Court, he is a highly trusted Murder lawyer Ahmedabad, Murder advocate Ahmedabad, and Criminal lawyer Ahmedabad known for handling complex homicide, culpable homicide and life imprisonment cases with precision and legal mastery.

As a leading Murder case bail lawyer in Ahmedabad, Advocate Paresh M Modi specialises in anticipatory bail lawyer Ahmedabad, regular bail advocate Ahmedabad, and emergency High Court bail advocate for murder case Ahmedabad matters. He is widely preferred as the Best advocate for bail in murder matters in Ahmedabad and a reliable Murder bail lawyer Ahmedabad for securing relief at pre-arrest, trial and appellate stages.

Advocate Modi has successfully represented accused persons in 302 IPC lawyer Ahmedabad and IPC 302 advocate Ahmedabad matters, including murder FIR lawyer Ahmedabad, murder FIR quashing advocate Ahmedabad, and murder FIR cancellation advocate Ahmedabad cases. He is also known as a senior Criminal defence lawyer Ahmedabad, murder defence advocate Ahmedabad, and best defence lawyer for murder charges Ahmedabad who handles murder trial lawyer Ahmedabad, sessions court murder case advocate Ahmedabad, and senior advocate for murder case Ahmedabad matters with strategic excellence.

His practice further extends to murder appeal lawyer Ahmedabad, criminal appeal lawyer Ahmedabad, murder case revision lawyer Ahmedabad, and murder acquittal case advocate Ahmedabad services before the Gujarat High Court, where he appears as a reputed Gujarat High Court advocate and High Court criminal lawyer Ahmedabad. Clients also seek his expertise as a lawyer for life imprisonment case Ahmedabad, murder conspiracy case lawyer Ahmedabad, murder charge appeal advocate Ahmedabad, and murder and culpable homicide lawyer Ahmedabad.

Recognised as a top criminal advocate for homicide case Ahmedabad, Advocate Paresh M Modi is also highly effective in bail application lawyer for murder FIR Ahmedabad, best lawyer for false murder FIR Ahmedabad, and best defence advocate for murder trial Ahmedabad matters, ensuring complete legal protection at every stage of investigation, trial and appeal.


Legal Definition of Murder under BNS & IPC


Murder under IPC – Section 300

Section 300 of the Indian Penal Code defines murder as culpable homicide with specific intention, knowledge, and gravity. A homicide becomes murder if:

  • The act is done with the intention to cause death

  • The intention is to cause such bodily injury likely to cause death

  • The injury inflicted is sufficient in the ordinary course of nature to cause death

  • The offender knows the act is so dangerous that it must, in all probability, cause death

Punishment under Section 302 IPC:

  • Death penalty, or

  • Life imprisonment with fine


Murder under Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 (BNS) Section 101

The BNS, which has replaced IPC, has restructured homicide offences. Murder is now primarily governed under Section 101 of BNS, retaining similar ingredients of intention, knowledge, and severity.

Punishment under BNS Section 101:

  • Death penalty, or

  • Imprisonment for life with fine

Advocate Paresh M Modi routinely handles both IPC and BNS-based murder prosecutions across Gujarat.


Trial of Murder Cases – Strategic Defence by Advocate Paresh M Modi

Murder trials demand deep expertise in forensic evidence, medical jurisprudence, eyewitness reliability, and procedural safeguards. Advocate Modi adopts a meticulous trial strategy focusing on:

  • FIR contradictions and illegal arrests

  • Defective investigation and procedural lapses

  • Hostile or interested witnesses

  • Recovery panchnama inconsistencies

  • Medical evidence contradictions (post-mortem, cause of death, weapon linkage)

  • Absence of mens rea (criminal intention)

  • False implication and political vendetta cases

His courtroom expertise has resulted in multiple acquittals and benefit of doubt judgments in Sessions Courts and High Courts.


Bail in Murder Cases – Law, Grounds & Remedies

Though murder is a non-bailable offence, bail can be granted under well-recognized judicial principles.

Regular Bail

Filed after arrest under Section 439 CrPC / corresponding BNS provisions.

Anticipatory Bail

Filed before arrest under Section 438 CrPC.

Interim Bail

Temporary bail during pendency of main bail application.


Key Bail Defences Used by Advocate Paresh M Modi

  • No direct evidence linking accused to offence

  • Delay in FIR registration

  • False implication due to civil/property disputes

  • Weak circumstantial chain

  • Contradictory witness statements

  • Medical and forensic mismatch

  • Long incarceration without trial progress

  • Parity with co-accused already on bail


Judgments Favouring Accused in Murder Bail & Acquittal

Supreme Court Landmark Rulings

  1. Sanjay Chandra v. CBI (2012)
    Bail is the rule, jail is the exception.

  2. Dataram Singh v. State of UP (2018)
    Presumption of innocence continues until conviction.

  3. Union of India v. K.A. Najeeb (2021)
    Bail granted due to prolonged trial even in serious offences.

  4. Sharad Birdhichand Sarda v. State of Maharashtra
    Circumstantial evidence must form a complete chain beyond reasonable doubt.

  5. Kalyan Chandra Sarkar v. Rajesh Ranjan
    Bail permissible if prosecution evidence is weak.

These precedents are frequently relied upon by Advocate Modi while arguing murder bail and acquittal matters.


Why Advocate Paresh M Modi for Murder Case Defence

  • Extensive experience in serious offences

  • Strong bail success ratio

  • Proven acquittal record

  • Expertise before Sessions Court & Gujarat High Court

  • Personalized, confidential defence strategy

  • Representation in trial, appeal, revision & SLP matters


List of districts in Gujarat:

Ahmedabad, Amreli, Anand, Banaskantha, Bharuch, Bhavnagar, Botad, Dahod, Dang, Devbhumi Dwarka, Gandhinagar, Jamnagar, Junagadh, Kachchh, Kutch, Kheda, Mahisagar, Mehsana, Morbi, Narmada, Navsari, Panchmahal, Patan, Porbandar, Rajkot, Sabarkantha, Surat, Surendranagar, Tapi, Valsad, Vadodara (Baroda)


The name of the main cities of Gujarat:

Ahmedabad, Adalaj, Adipur, Ahwa, Aithor, Alang, Ambaji, Aambaliyasan, Amod, Amreli, Anand, Ankleshwar, Anjar, Atul, Babra, Bagasara, Balasinor, Banaskantha, Bardoli, Baroda, Bayad, Bavla, Bechraji, Bhachau, Bharuch, Bhavnagar, Bhuj, Bilimora, Borsad, Botad, Chaklasi, Chanasma, Chhota Udepur, Chikhli, Chorvad, Chotila, Dahisara, Dahod, Dahegam, Dakor, Danta, Dang, Dediapada, Deesa, Devbhumi Dwarka, Dhanera, Dhandhuka, Dholera, Dhrangadhra, Dhoraji, Dhrol, Dharampur, Disa, Diu, Dwarka, Fatehganj, Gandhidham, Gandhinagar, Gir Somnath, Ghoghamba, Godhra, Gondal, Gozaria, Halol, Halvad, Hansot, Harij, Himmat Nagar, Idar, Jamjodhpur, Jamnagar, Jasdan, Jetalpur, Jetpur, Jambughoda, Junagadh, Kachchh, Kadi, Kalol, Kanjari, Kanodar, Kankrej, Karjan, Katargam, Keshod, Kheda, Khambhat, Kodinar, Kosamba, Koth, Kutiyana, Lakhtar, Lalpur, Lathi, Limdi, Lunawada, Mahisagar, Mahemdavad, Mahuva, Malpur, Mandvi, Mansa, Manavadar, Mangrol, Matar, Mehsana, Modasa, Morbi, Muli, Mundra, Nadiad, Nakhatrana, Naliya, Narmada, Naroda, Narol, Navsari, Okha, Olpad, Padra, Palanpur, Paliyad, Palitana, Panchmahal, Patan, Petlad, Pipavav, Porbandar, Prantij, Radhanpur, Rajkot, Rajpipla, Ranavav, Ranpur, Sabarkantha, Salaya, Samakhiali, Sanand, Santrampur, Savarkundla, Savli, Sayan, Shahera, Shihor, Sidhpur, Sikka, Sojitra, Songadh, Surat, Surendranagar, Sutrapada, Talaja, Talod, Tapi, Tarapur, Tharad, Thasra, Umreth, Una, Unjha, Upleta, Umergam, Vadnagar, Vadodara, Vaghodia, Vaav, Valsad, Vansda, Vapi, Veraval, Vijapur, Visnagar, Viramgam, Vyara, Wankaner, Zinzuwada,


Contact the Best Murder Case Advocate in Gujarat

Advocate Paresh M Modi
Best Criminal & Murder Case Trial Lawyer in Ahmedabad, Gujarat

📍 Office No. C/112, Supath-2 Complex, Opp. Kohinoor Plaza Hotel,
Near Old Wadaj Bus Stand, Ashram Road, Ahmedabad – 380013

📞 Mobile (WhatsApp only 9 AM – 9 PM): +91 9925002031
☎ Office Landline (10:30 AM – 6:30 PM): 079-48001468
📧 Email: advocatepmmodi@gmail.com
🌐 Website: www.advocatepmmodi.in


અમદાવાદ ગુજરાતમાં શ્રેષ્ઠ મર્ડર કેસ ટ્રાયલ અને જામીન વકીલ – એડવોકેટ પરેશ એમ મોદી


મર્ડર (હત્યા) જેવા ગંભીર ગુનાઓમાં ખોટી રીતે ફસાવામાં આવેલ વ્યક્તિનું જીવન સંપૂર્ણપણે ઉથલપાથલ થઈ જાય છે. આવા ગુનામાં સમાજિક બદનામી, કાયદાકીય કાર્યવાહી અને જીવનભરની કેદ અથવા ફાંસી જેવી સજાઓ સામેલ હોય છે. આવા સંજોગોમાં અનુભવી અને વિશેષજ્ઞ ક્રિમિનલ ડિફેન્સ વકીલની સેવા અત્યંત જરૂરી બની જાય છે.

એડવોકેટ પરેશ એમ મોદી, અમદાવાદ, ગુજરાત સ્થિત, ડિસ્ટ્રિક્ટ કોર્ટ, સેશન કોર્ટ અને ગુજરાત હાઇકોર્ટમાં મર્ડર ટ્રાયલ અને જામીન બાબતોમાં પ્રસિદ્ધ અને નિષ્ણાત વકીલ તરીકે ઓળખાય છે.


અમદાવાદમાં મર્ડર કેસ માટેના ટોપ લૉયર – એડવોકેટ પરેશ એમ મોદી

એડવોકેટ પરેશ એમ. મોદી અમદાવાદમાં મર્ડર કેસ માટેના ટોપ લૉયર તરીકે વ્યાપક રીતે ઓળખાય છે અને તેઓ અમદાવાદમાં મર્ડર કેસ માટેના શ્રેષ્ઠ એડવોકેટ તરીકે ગંભીર ફોજદારી ગુનાઓમાં સફળ અને અસરકારક ડિફેન્સ પ્રદાન કરે છે. તેઓ ડિસ્ટ્રીક્ટ કોર્ટ, સેશન્સ કોર્ટ અને ગુજરાત હાઇકોર્ટ સમક્ષ વ્યાપક અનુભવ ધરાવે છે અને એક પ્રતિષ્ઠિત મર્ડર લૉયર અમદાવાદ, મર્ડર એડવોકેટ અમદાવાદ અને ક્રિમિનલ લૉયર અમદાવાદ તરીકે ઓળખાય છે.

એડવોકેટ મોદી અમદાવાદમાં મર્ડર કેસ માટેના બેલ લૉયર તરીકે વિશેષતા ધરાવે છે અને તેઓ એન્ટિસિપેટરી બેલ લૉયર અમદાવાદ, રેગ્યુલર બેલ એડવોકેટ અમદાવાદ અને હાઇકોર્ટ બેલ એડવોકેટ ફોર મર્ડર કેસ અમદાવાદ તરીકે પ્રિ-અરેસ્ટ, ટ્રાયલ અને અપીલ સ્તરે તાત્કાલિક અને અસરકારક રાહત મેળવવામાં નિષ્ણાત છે. તેઓ અમદાવાદમાં મર્ડર મામલામાં બેલ માટેના શ્રેષ્ઠ એડવોકેટ તરીકે ઓળખાય છે.

તેઓ 302 IPC લૉયર અમદાવાદ, IPC 302 એડવોકેટ અમદાવાદ, મર્ડર FIR લૉયર અમદાવાદ, મર્ડર FIR ક્વોશિંગ એડવોકેટ અમદાવાદ અને મર્ડર FIR કેન્સલેશન એડવોકેટ અમદાવાદ જેવા ગંભીર ગુનાઓમાં સફળ રીતે પ્રતિનિધિત્વ આપે છે. તેઓ એક અનુભવી ક્રિમિનલ ડિફેન્સ લૉયર અમદાવાદ, મર્ડર ડિફેન્સ એડવોકેટ અમદાવાદ અને મર્ડર ચાર્જિસ માટે શ્રેષ્ઠ ડિફેન્સ લૉયર અમદાવાદ તરીકે ટ્રાયલ અને પુરાવાની દરેક સ્ટેજ પર મજબૂત કાનૂની વ્યૂહરચના સાથે કેસ હેન્ડલ કરે છે.

એડવોકેટ મોદી મર્ડર ટ્રાયલ લૉયર અમદાવાદ, સેશન્સ કોર્ટ મર્ડર કેસ એડવોકેટ અમદાવાદ, સીનિયર એડવોકેટ ફોર મર્ડર કેસ અમદાવાદ, તેમજ મર્ડર અપીલ લૉયર અમદાવાદ, ક્રિમિનલ અપીલ લૉયર અમદાવાદ, મર્ડર રિવિઝન લૉયર અમદાવાદ, મર્ડર અક્વિટલ કેસ એડવોકેટ અમદાવાદ તરીકે પણ વિશેષ ઓળખ ધરાવે છે. તેઓ ગુજરાત હાઇકોર્ટમાં પ્રતિષ્ઠિત ગુજરાત હાઇકોર્ટ એડવોકેટ અને હાઇકોર્ટ ક્રિમિનલ લૉયર અમદાવાદ તરીકે નિયમિત પ્રેક્ટિસ કરે છે.

તેઓ લાઇફ ઇમ્પ્રિઝનમેન્ટ કેસ માટેના લૉયર અમદાવાદ, મર્ડર કોન્સ્પિરસી કેસ લૉયર અમદાવાદ, મર્ડર ચાર્જ અપીલ એડવોકેટ અમદાવાદ, મર્ડર અને કલ્પેબલ હોમિસાઇડ લૉયર અમદાવાદ, તેમજ ફોલ્સ મર્ડર FIR માટેના શ્રેષ્ઠ લૉયર અમદાવાદ તરીકે પણ જાણીતા છે. તેઓ મર્ડર FIR માટે બેલ અરજી લૉયર અમદાવાદ અને મર્ડર ટ્રાયલ માટે શ્રેષ્ઠ ડિફેન્સ એડવોકેટ અમદાવાદ તરીકે સંપૂર્ણ કાનૂની સુરક્ષા પ્રદાન કરે છે.


મર્ડર (હત્યા) ની કાનૂની વ્યાખ્યા – IPC અને BNS મુજબ


IPC કલમ 300 – હત્યા

IPC કલમ 300 મુજબ જ્યારે કોઈ વ્યક્તિ નીચે મુજબના ઈરાદા સાથે કોઈનું મૃત્યુ કરે તો તે હત્યા ગણાય:

  • મરવાનો ઈરાદો રાખીને

  • એવી ઈજા કરવાનો ઈરાદો કે જેનાથી મૃત્યુ થવાની પૂરી શક્યતા હોય

  • જાણતા હોવા છતાં એવો ખતરનાક કૃત્ય કરવું જેનાથી મૃત્યુ થવાનું નિશ્ચિત હોય

સજા – IPC કલમ 302:

  • ફાંસી અથવા

  • આજીવન કેદ તથા દંડ


BNS કલમ 101 – નવી વ્યાખ્યા

ભારતીય ન્યાય સંહિતા, 2023 હેઠળ મર્ડર હવે કલમ 101 હેઠળ આવે છે.

સજા:

  • ફાંસી અથવા

  • આજીવન કેદ તથા દંડ


મર્ડર કેસની ટ્રાયલમાં એડવોકેટ પરેશ એમ મોદીની વ્યૂહરચના

હત્યા કેસમાં મજબૂત ડિફેન્સ માટે તપાસની ખામીઓ અને પુરાવાની નબળાઈઓ બહાર લાવવામાં આવે છે:

  • FIR માં વિસંગતતા

  • ગેરકાયદેસર ધરપકડ

  • ખોટા અથવા રસ ધરાવતા સાક્ષીઓ

  • પંચનામા અને મેડિકલ રિપોર્ટમાં તફાવત

  • ઈરાદાની અછત (Mens Rea)

  • રાજકીય અથવા મિલકતના વિવાદથી ખોટી ફસાવટ


મર્ડર કેસમાં જામીન – કાયદો અને બચાવ

હત્યા નોન-બેલેબલ ગુનો હોવા છતાં યોગ્ય પરિસ્થિતિમાં જામીન મળી શકે છે.

જામીનના પ્રકારો

  • રેગ્યુલર જામીન

  • એન્ટિસિપેટરી જામીન

  • ઈન્ટરિમ જામીન

જામીન માટે મુખ્ય બચાવ દલીલો

  • સીધો પુરાવો ન હોવો

  • FIR માં મોડું

  • ખોટી ફરિયાદ

  • લાંબી કેદ અને ટ્રાયલમાં વિલંબ

  • સાક્ષીઓમાં વિસંગતતા


હત્યા કેસોમાં આરોપીના હિતમાં ચુકાદા


સુપ્રીમ કોર્ટના મહત્વના ચુકાદા

  • Sanjay Chandra v. CBI – જામીન નિયમ છે, જેલ અપવાદ છે

  • Dataram Singh v. State of UP – નિર્દોષતાની ધારણા

  • Union of India v. K.A. Najeeb – લાંબી કેદને આધારે જામીન

  • Sharad Birdhichand Sarda Case – પુરાવાની પૂર્ણ સાંકળ જરૂરી

  • Kalyan Chandra Sarkar Case – પુરાવાની નબળાઈ પર જામીન


શા માટે એડવોકેટ પરેશ એમ મોદી?

  • ગંભીર ગુનાઓમાં વિશાળ અનુભવ

  • મજબૂત જામીન સફળતા

  • ટ્રાયલમાં અક્વિટલ રેકોર્ડ

  • હાઇકોર્ટ અને સેશન કોર્ટમાં અસરકારક રજૂઆત


સંપર્ક કરો – શ્રેષ્ઠ મર્ડર કેસ વકીલ

એડવોકેટ પરેશ એમ મોદી
મર્ડર કેસ ટ્રાયલ અને જામીન વિશેષજ્ઞ

📍 ઓફિસ: C/112, સુપથ-2 કોમ્પ્લેક્સ, કોહિનૂર પ્લાઝા સામે,
જૂના વાડજ બસ સ્ટેન્ડ પાસે, આશ્રમ રોડ, અમદાવાદ – 380013

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