Section:-139. Presumption in Favour of holder:

It Shall be presumed, unless the contrary is proved, that the holder of a cheque received the cheque, of the nature referred to in section 138, for the discharge, in whole or in part, of any debt or other liability.

કલમ-૧૩૯. ચેકના ધારણકર્તાની તરફેણમાં અનુમાન:

વિરુધ્ધની હકીકત સાબિત ન થાય ત્યાં સુધી એવું માનવામાં આવશે કે તે ચેક ધારણ કરનારે તે ચેક કલમ-૧૩૮ માં દર્શાવ્યા મુજબ કોઇ દેવાના અથવા અન્ય જવાબદારીના પુરેપુરા અથવા તેના કોઇ ભાગમાંથી બોજ મુકત થવાના બદલામાં તે ચેક મેળવ્યો હશે.

: Comment:

Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881- Presumption mandated u/s. 139 of N.I.Act, 1881 includes existence of legally enforceable debt or liability-Presump-tion can be rebutted by Accused by raising the defense-Initial Presumption favours the Complainant and also burden of proof lies on the Complainant-Initial burden of proof lies on the Complainant-Once proved-Open to Accused to prove non-existence of consideration-Court to examine direct evidence or from preponderance of probabilities that existence of consideration was improbable Reverse onus Clause u/s. 118 of N.I Act-Presumption available until the contrary is proved-Applicable to N.I matters subject of Law of Evidence-Presumption of Law.

:ટિપ્પણી:

વટાવખત અધિનિયમ, ૧૮૮૧- એન. આઇ. અધિનિયમ, ૧૮૮૧ ની કલમ ૧૩૯ હેઠળ કાયદેસરના આદેશનું અનુમાન દેવું અને જવાબદારીના અમલનું અસિતત્વ સમાયેલ-બચાવ ઉભો કરી આરોપી દ્રારા અનુમાન નકારી શકાય -શરૂઆતનું અનુમાન ફરિયાદ પક્ષની તરફેણ કરેલ અને સાબિત કરવાની જવાબદારી ફરિયાદ પક્ષ ઉપર પણ લાદેલ-શરૂઆતની સાબિત કરવાની જવાબદારી ફરિયાદ પક્ષ ઉપર લાદેલ-એક વખત સાબિત થયેલ-આરોપી માટે સાબિત કરવાનું ખુલ્લું છે કે ધ્યાનમાં લેવાનું અસિતત્વ ધરાવતું નથી- અદાલતે સીધા પુરાવા તપાસવા અથવા શકયતાનું અનુમાન કે ધ્યાનમાં લેવાની બાબતનું અસિતત્વ અયોગ્ય હતું-એન.આઇ. અધિનિયમની કલમ ૧૧૮ હેઠળના ખંડનો બોજો ઉલટાવેલ-સાબિત ન થાય ત્યાં સુધી અનુમાન મળી શકે છે- એન.આઇ.ની બાબતને પુરવાનો કાયદો લાગુ પડે- કાયદાનું અનુમાન.

Judgement:

Patel Jayantibhai Mafatlal Vs. The State of Gujarat 2018(3) GLH (N.O.C.) 3.

Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881-Section 139-Rebuttal-A burden on accused-Account books given in evidence-Both companies were sister con-cerns-One of them paid cheque to complainant, it was signed by other-No efforts made to prove Directors were seperate-Presumption must go in favour of holder of cheque.

Patel Jayantibhai Mafatlal Vs. The State of Gujarat 2018(3) GLH (N.O.C.) 3.

વટાઉખત અધિનિયમ ૧૮૮૧-કલમ ૧૩૯- રદિયો આપવાનું-આરોપી પર બોજો-હિસાબી ચોપડા પુરાવામાં આપ્યા-બંને કંપનીઓ (પરસ્પર સંકળાયેલી) હતી-એમાંથી એકે ફરીયાદીને ચેક આપ્યો અને બીજાએ સહી કરી-પુરવાર કરવાનો કોઇ પ્રયત્ન નહિ-ડિરેકટરો અલગ હતા-ચેક ધારકની તરફેણમાં અનુમાન થવું જોઇએ.

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