Categories Criminal Cases

Best Lawyer In Ahmedabad Gujarat | 9925002031 | Top Advocate in Ahmedabad Gujarat | Lawyers Near me in Ahmedabad Gujarat | Advocate Paresh M Modi

Best Lawyer In Ahmedabad Gujarat | 9925002031 | Top Advocate in Ahmedabad Gujarat | Lawyers Near me in Ahmedabad Gujarat | Advocate Paresh M Modi

As a Top criminal lawyer in Ahmedabad Gujarat Advocate Paresh M Modi may guide you for your Criminal Cases and Civil Cases on the basis of the Indian Evidence Act, 1972

The Indian Evidence Act,1872

Lawyer for Loan EMI Issue in Ahmedabad Gujarat | 9925002031 | Advocate for Loan installment Problems in Ahmedabad Gujarat | Advocate Paresh M Modi

Section-80. Presumption as to documents produced as record of evidence.—

Whenever any document is produced before any Court, purporting to be a record or memorandum of the evidence, or of any part of the evidence, given by a witness in a judicial proceeding or before any officer authorized by law to take such evidence, or to be a statement or confession by any prisoner or accused person, taken in accordance with law, and purporting to be signed by any Judge or Magistrate, or by any such officer as aforesaid, the Court shall presume—

Cyber Crime Lawyer in Ahmedabad Gujarat India | 9925002031 | Best Criminal Vakil in Ahmedabad Gujarat | Best Civil Vakil in Ahmedabad Gujarat | Advocate Paresh M Modi

that the document is genuine; that any statements as to the circumstances under which it was taken, purporting to be made by the person signing it, are true, and that such evidence, statement or confession was duly taken.

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Advocate Paresh M Modi is the well-known Criminal and Civil Lawyer among the Top Criminal Lawyers and Civil Advocates in Gujarat, for your Family Matters, Ancestral Property case, cheque Bounce Case, Divorce Case, title Dispute Case, Property Disputes, Bail Matters, Maintenance Case, Domestic Violence Case, Atrocity Case, POCSO Case, PASA Act Case, Anti-Corruption Case, you may contact him, Call or WhatsApp now him on Mobile No. 9925002031 for book the Appointment.

Top Criminal Lawyers In Ahmedabad Gujarat | 9925002031 | Best Criminal Advocates in Ahmedabad | Advocate Paresh M Modi

Advocate Paresh M Modi is taking care of such Act Cases out of below mentioned 256 Acts (Bare Acts)

  1. Aadhaar (Targeted Delivery of Financial and Other Subsidies, Benefits and Services) Act, 2016
  2. Administrative Tribunals Act, 1985
  3. Advocates Act, 1961
  4. Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981
  5. Air Force Act, 1950
  6. Aircraft Act, 1934
  7. Airports Authority of India Act, 1994
  8. Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1958
  9. Anti-Hijacking Act, 2016
  10. Apprentices Act, 1961
  11. Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996
  12. Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act, 1958
  13. Armed Forces Tribunal Act, 2007
  14. Arms Act, 1959
  15. Army Act, 1950
  16. Banker’s Books Evidence Act, 1891
  17. Banking Regulation Act, 1949
  18. Banning of Unregulated Deposit Schemes Act, 2019
  19. Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
  20. Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023
  21. Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023
  22. Bilateral Netting of Qualified Financial Contracts Act, 2020
  23. Biological Diversity Act, 2002
  24. Black Money (Undisclosed Foreign Income and Assets) and Imposition of Tax Act, 2015
  25. Bonded Labour System (Abolition) Act, 1976
  26. Border Security Force Act, 1968
  27. Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 2016
  28. Cantonments Act, 2006
  29. Carrier Laws Including Carriage by Road Act, 2007, Carriage by Air, 1972 and Carriage by Good by Sea 1925
  30. Central Motor Vehicles Rules, 1989
  31. Central Sales Tax Act, 1956
  32. Charitable and Religious Trusts Act, 1920
  33. Chemical Weapons Convention Act, 2000
  34. Child and Adolescent Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 1986
  35. Christian Marriage Act, 1872
  36. Citizenship Act, 1955
  37. Clinical Establishments (Registration and Regulation) Act, 2010
  38. Code of Civil Procedure, 1908
  39. Coinage Act, 2011
  40. Collection of Statistics Act, 2008
  41. Commercial Courts Act, 2015
  42. Commissions for Protection of Child Rights Act, 2005
  43. Commissions of Inquiry Act, 1952
  44. Commissions of Sati (Prevention) Act, 1987
  45. Companies Act, 2013 (Large)
  46. Compensatory Afforestation Fund Act, 2016
  47. Competition Act, 2002
  48. Conservation of Foreign Exchange and Prevention of Smuggling Activities Act, 1974
  49. Constitution of India
  50. Consumer Protection Act, 2019
  51. Contempt of Courts Act, 1971
  52. Contract Act, 1872
  53. Contract Labour (Regulation and Abolition) Act, 1970
  54. Copyright Act, 1957,
  55. Court Fees Act, 1870
  56. Credit Information Companies (Regulation) Act, 2005
  57. Customs Act, 1962
  58. Criminal Manual (Large)
  59. Criminal Procedure Code, 1973
  60. Delhi High Court Act, 1966 with Delhi High Court (Original Side) Rules, 2018
  61. Delimitation Act, 2002
  62. Dentists Act, 1948
  63. Depositories Act, 1996
  64. Designs Act, 2000
  65. Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023
  66. Disaster Management Act, 2005
  67. Dissolution of Muslim Marriages Act, 1939
  68. Divorce Act, 1869
  69. Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961
  70. Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 with Cosmetics Rules, 1945
  71. Drugs and Magic Remedies (Objectionable Advertisements) Act, 1954
  72. Easements Act, 1882
  73. Electricity Act, 2003
  74. Emblems and Names (Prevention of Improper Use) Act, 1950
  75. Emigration Act, 1983
  76. Employees Compensation Act, 1923
  77. Employees Provident Funds and Misc. Provisions Act, 1952
  78. Employee’s State Insurance Act, 1948
  79. Enemy Property Act, 1968
  80. Energy Conservation Act, 2001
  81. Environment (Protection) Act, 1986
  82. Essential Commodities Act, 1955
  83. Explosives Act, 1884
  84. Evidence Act, 1872
  85. Factories Act, 1948
  86. Family Courts Act, 1984
  87. Fatal Accidents Act, 1855
  88. Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006
  89. Foreign Contribution (Regulation) Act, 2010
  90. Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999 along with Rules and Regulations
  91. Foreign Marriage Act, 1969
  92. Foreigners Act, 1946
  93. Foreign Trade (Development and Regulation) Act, 1992
  94. Forest Act, 1927
  95. Fugitive Economic Offenders Act, 2018
  96. Gas Cylinders Rules, 2016
  97. General Clauses Act, 1897
  98. Geographical Indications of Goods (Registration and Protection) Act, 1999
  99. Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi Act, 1991
  100. Government Securities Act, 2006
  101. Gram Nyayalayas Act, 2008
  102. Guardians and Wards Act, 1890
  103. Hindu Adoptions and Maintenance Act, 1956
  104. Hindu Marriage Act, 1955
  105. Hindu Minority and Guardianship Act, 1956
  106. Hindu Succession Act, 1956
  107. Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (Prevention and Control) Act, 2017
  108. Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act, 1956
  109. Indecent Representation of Women (Prohibition) Act, 1986
  110. Indian Institutes of Management Act, 2017
  111. Indian Veterinary Council Act, 1984
  112. Industrial Disputes Act, 1947
  113. Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Act, 1946
  114. Industrial Relations Code, 2020
  115. Industries (Development and Regulation) Act, 1951
  116. Infant Milk Substitutes, Feeding Bottles and Infant Foods (Regulation of Production, Supply and Distribution) Act, 1992
  117. Information Technology Act, 2000 along with Rules and Regulations
  118. Insecticides Act, 1968
  119. Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016
  120. Insurance Act, 1938
  121. Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority Act, 1999
  122. Insurance Rules 1939
  123. Interest Act, 1978
  124. Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019
  125. Judges (Protection) Act, 1985
  126. Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015
  127. Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Model Rules, 2016
  128. Legal Metrology Act, 2009
  129. Legislation of Muslim Law
  130. Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987
  131. Life Insurance Corporation Act, 1956
  132. Limitation Act, 1963
  133. Limited Liability Partnership Act, 2008
  134. Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013
  135. Maintenance and Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens Act, 2007
  136. Maternity Benefit Act, 1961
  137. Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act, 1971
  138. Mediation Act, 2023
  139. Mental Healthcare Act, 2017
  140. Metro Railways (Operation and Maintenance) Act, 2002
  141. Mines Act, 1952
  142. Motor Vehicles Act, 1988
  143. Multi-State Co-operation Societies Act, 2002
  144. Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985
  145. National Anti-Doping Agency (NADA)
  146. National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development Act, 1981
  147. National Commission for Minority Educational Institutions Act, 2004
  148. National Council for Teacher Education Act, 1993
  149. National Food Security Act, 2013
  150. National Forensic Sciences University Act, 2020
  151. National Green Tribunal Act, 2010
  152. National Highway Authority of India Act, 1988
  153. National Investigation Agency Act, 2008
  154. National Medical Commission Act, 2019
  155. National Security Act, 1980
  156. National Security Guard Act, 1986
  157. National Sports University Act, 2018
  158. National Waterways Act, 2016
  159. Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881
  160. New Legislation on Hindu Law
  161. Notaries Act, 1952
  162. Oaths Act, 1969
  163. Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code, 2020
  164. Official Languages Act, 1963
  165. Official Secrets Act, 1923
  166. Partition Act, 1893
  167. Partnership Act, 1932
  168. Passport Act, 1967
  169. Patents Act, 1970
  170. Payment and Settlement Systems Act, 2007
  171. Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972
  172. Penal Code, 1860
  173. Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority Act, 2013
  174. Petroleum Act, 1934
  175. Pharmacy Act, 1948
  176. Powers of Attorney Act, 1882
  177. Pre-conception and Pre-natal Diagnostic Techniques (Prohibition of Sex Selection) Act, 1994
  178. Press Council Act, 1978
  179. Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988
  180. Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act, 1960
  181. Prevention of Damage to Public Property Act, 1984
  182. Prevention of Insults to National Honour Act, 1971
  183. Prevention of Money-Laundering Act, 2002
  184. Private Security Agencies (Regulation) Act, 2005
  185. Prize Chits and Money Circulation Schemes (Banning) Act, 1978
  186. Probation of Offenders Act, 1958
  187. Prohibition of Benami Property Transactions Act, 1988
  188. Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 2006
  189. Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012
  190. Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955
  191. Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993
  192. Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005
  193. Provident Funds Act, 1925
  194. Provincial Insolvency Act, 1920
  195. Public Gambling Act, 1867
  196. Public Liability Insurance Act, 1991
  197. Public Premises (Eviction of Unauthorised Occupants) Act, 1971
  198. Public Provident Fund Act, 1968
  199. Public Records Act, 1993
  200. Railway Claims Tribunal Act, 1987
  201. Railway Property (Unlawful Possession) Act, 1966
  202. Railways Act, 1989
  203. Rashtriya Raksha University Act, 2020
  204. Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Act, 2016
  205. Recovery of Debts and Bankruptcy Act, 1993
  206. Regional Rural Banks Act, 1976
  207. Registration Act, 1908
  208. Registration of Births and Deaths Act, 1969
  209. Religious Endowments Act, 1863
  210. Repatriation of Prisoners Act, 2003
  211. Representation of the People Act, 1950
  212. Requisitioning and Acquisition of Immovable Property Act, 1952
  213. Reservation in Central Educational Institutions
  214. Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934
  215. Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009
  216. Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013
  217. Right to Information Act, 2005
  218. Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016
  219. Religious Institutions (Prevention of Misuse) Act, 1988
  220. Sale of Goods Act, 1930
  221. Sarais Act, 1867
  222. Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989
  223. Securities and Exchange Board of India Act, 1992
  224. Securities Contracts (Regulations) Act 1956
  225. Securitisation and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest Act, 2002
  226. Seeds Act, 1966
  227. Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act, 2013
  228. Slum Areas (Improvement and Clearance) Act, 1956
  229. Small Industries Development Bank of India Act, 1989
  230. Social Security Code, 2020
  231. Special Marriage Act, 1954
  232. Specific Relief Act, 1963
  233. Stamp Act, 1899
  234. State Bank of India Act, 1955
  235. State Financial Corporations Act, 1951
  236. Street Vendors (Protection of Livelihood and Regulation of Street Vending) Act, 2014
  237. Succession Act, 1925
  238. Suits Valuation Act, 1887
  239. Supreme Court Rules, 2013
  240. Telecom Regulatory Authority of India Act, 1997
  241. Telegraph Act, 1885
  242. Terrorist Affected Areas (Special Courts) Act, 1984
  243. Trade Marks Act, 1999
  244. Trade Unions Act, 1926
  245. Transfer of Property Act, 1882
  246. Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, 2019
  247. Transplantation of Human Organs and Tissues Act, 1994
  248. Trusts Act, 1882
  249. Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act, 1967
  250. Wages Code, 2019
  251. Waqf Act, 1995
  252. Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974
  253. Weapons of Mass Destruction and their Delivery Systems (Prohibition of Unlawful Activities) Act, 2005
  254. Whistle Blowers Protection Act, 2014
  255. Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972
  256. Working Journalists and Other Newspaper Employees (Conditions of Service) and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1955

અમદાવાદ ગુજરાતના ટોચના ફોજદારી વકીલ તરીકે એડવોકેટ પરેશ એમ મોદી ભારતીય પુરાવા અધિનિયમ, 1972ના આધારે તમારા ફોજદારી કેસો અને સિવિલ કેસો માટે તમને માર્ગદર્શન આપશે.

अहमदाबाद गुजरात में एक शीर्ष आपराधिक वकील के रूप में अधिवक्ता परेश एम मोदी भारतीय साक्ष्य अधिनियम, 1972 के आधार पर आपके आपराधिक मामलों और सिविल मामलों के लिए आपका मार्गदर्शन करेंगे।

भारतीय साक्ष्य अधिनियम,1872

धारा 80. साक्ष्य के अभिलेख के तौर पर पेश की गई दस्तावेजों के बारे में उपधारणा-

जब कभी किसी न्यायालय के मद्वा कोइ्र ऐसी दस्तावेज पेश की जाती है, जिसका किसी न्यायिक ािर्यवाही में या, विधि द्वारा ऐसा साक्ष्य लेने के लिए प्राधिकृत किसी ऑफिसर के समक्ष, किसी साक्षी द्वारा दिए गए साक्ष्य या साक्ष्य के किसी भाग का अभिलेख या ज्ञापन होना, अथवा किसी कैदी या अभियुक्त का विधि के अनुसार लिया गया कथन या संस्वीकृति होना तात्पर्यित हो और जिसका किसी न्यायाधीश या मजिस्ट्रेट द्वारा या उपर्युक्त जैसे किसी आॅफिसर​ द्वारा हस्ताक्षरित होना तात्पर्यित हो, तब न्यायालय उपधारित करेगा-
कि वह दस्तावेज असली है, कि उन परिस्थितियों के बारे में, जिसके अधीन वह लिया गया था, कोई भी कथन, किसका उसका हस्ताक्षरित करने वाले व्यक्ति द्वारा किया जाना तात्पर्यित है, सत्य है ताजा कि ऐसा साक्ष्य, कािन या संस्कृति सम्यक् रूप से ली गई थी।

In Ahmedabad, Best Lawyer of Gujarat High Court, Advocate Paresh M Modi is the well-known Criminal and Land Revenue Lawyer among the Top Criminal Lawyers in Gujarat, for your Property case, cheque Bounce Case, Divorce Case, title Dispute Case, Property Disputes, Bail Matters, Maintenance Case, Domestic Violence Case, you may contact him, Call or WhatsApp now him on Mobile No. 9925002031 for book the Appointment. He is the Advocate in Ahmedabad, Lawyer in Ahmedabad 

Categories Criminal Lawyer

Drug Offenses and the Law: Insights from Experienced Criminal Lawyers | 9925002031

Criminal Lawyer In Ahmedabad

Criminal autonomy refers to the ability of individuals or organizations to make their own decisions regarding criminal matters, such as whether or not to plead guilty, whether or not to testify, and whether or not to pursue an appeal.

Criminal cases can involve a variety of legal issues, including constitutional rights, evidence, and criminal procedure. Criminal lawyers may represent clients at all stages of a criminal case, from the initial investigation and arrest to plea negotiations and trial.

The information content related to criminal law can include the legal framework governing criminal offenses, the rights of the accused, the procedures for investigating and prosecuting criminal cases, and the penalties that may be imposed for different types of crimes. Criminal lawyers may also provide guidance on non-legal issues related to criminal matters, such as managing the impact of a criminal case on one’s personal and professional life.

In addition to their legal expertise, criminal lawyers may also have knowledge of the criminal justice system and the roles of various stakeholders, such as prosecutors, judges, and law enforcement officials. They may work closely with other professionals, such as private investigators and forensic experts, to build a strong defense for their clients.

Overall, criminal lawyers play a critical role in protecting the rights and interests of individuals or organizations accused of committing criminal offenses, and in ensuring that they are treated fairly under the law.

As a criminal lawyer in Ahmedabad, Advocate Paresh M Modi has represented clients in a range of criminal cases, including those related to white-collar crime, financial fraud, drug offenses, and more. He has a deep understanding of criminal law and procedure, and uses his expertise to provide effective representation and protect the rights of his clients.

In addition to his work as a criminal lawyer, Advocate Paresh M Modi has also advised clients on a variety of corporate legal issues, including contracts, mergers and acquisitions, intellectual property, and regulatory compliance. He has a keen eye for detail and a deep understanding of the legal landscape, enabling him to provide valuable advice and representation to businesses of all sizes.

Overall, Advocate Paresh M Modi is a versatile and experienced legal professional with a broad range of expertise in family, corporate, and criminal law. He is committed to providing effective representation to his clients and helping them navigate complex legal issues with confidence and peace of mind.

Lawyer for Passport Act Court Case | 9925002031 | Passport Act Advocate in Ahmedabad Gujarat | Advocate Paresh M Modi

The Passport Act, 1967 – India / પાસપોર્ટ અધિનિયમ, 1967 – ભારત

The Passport Act, 1967 is a significant law that governs the issuance and regulation of passports and travel documents in India. It primarily aims to control and regulate the issuance of passports and other travel documents in order to safeguard the national security, prevent the misuse of passports, and ensure that citizens have the appropriate documentation to travel abroad.

Key Provisions of the Passport Act, 1967

  1. Definition of Passport:

– A passport under the Act is defined as any travel document issued by the government that permits an individual to travel abroad and return to India. This can be in the form of a booklet or any other document issued by the authorities.

  1. Authority to Issue Passports:

– The Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) is the authority responsible for issuing passports in India. The Act empowers the Government of India to issue passports to its citizens under specific regulations.

  1. Categories of Passports:

– Ordinary Passport: Issued to the general public for ordinary travel purposes.

– Diplomatic Passport: Issued to diplomats and high-ranking government officials.

– Official Passport: Issued to government employees who are traveling for official duties.

– Emergency Certificate: Issued for urgent travel in emergency situations when the individual cannot wait for a regular passport to be processed.

  1. Eligibility Criteria:

– Indian citizens who meet the specified criteria are eligible to apply for a passport. This includes verifying their identity, nationality, and character.

– In some cases, individuals with a criminal background or who are involved in certain criminal proceedings may be disqualified from obtaining a passport.

  1. Obligations of Passport Holders:

– Passport holders must adhere to the rules laid down by the Passport Act, including informing authorities about changes in address or the loss of a passport.

– They must also comply with immigration and border control laws while traveling.

  1. Revocation and Impoundment of Passports:

– The Act grants the government the authority to revoke or impound a passport in specific circumstances such as national security concerns, criminal activity, or non-compliance with legal obligations.

– If a person is under investigation for certain offenses or has been convicted of certain crimes, their passport may be seized or canceled by the authorities.

  1. Offenses under the Passport Act:

– The law provides provisions for offenses such as:

– False information in passport applications.

– Forgery or fraud in the use of a passport.

– Unlawful possession of a passport.

– Traveling on an invalid passport.

– Violations of these offenses can result in criminal charges and penalties, including imprisonment.

  1. Appeal Process:

– Applicants who are denied a passport or have their passports impounded or revoked can appeal the decision through a formal process, which may involve administrative reviews or legal proceedings in the courts.

 

  1. Passport Seizure for National Security:

– The government can seize or refuse to issue passports to individuals involved in activities deemed harmful to the nation’s security. The decision is made on the basis of intelligence inputs or security concerns.

  1. Passport (Amendment) Act, 2020:

– The Passport (Amendment) Act, 2020, introduced some important changes, including the use of the Aadhaar card as a proof of identity for passport applications and the establishment of a “passport on demand” system for Indian citizens living abroad.

 

Complications and Legal Issues under the Passport Act, 1967

Despite its clear purpose, the Passport Act often leads to complications in certain areas:

  1. Delays in Issuance of Passports:

– Delays in issuing passports due to bureaucratic inefficiency, incomplete documentation, or discrepancies in police verification are common issues faced by many applicants.

Criminal Background and Passport Denial:

– Individuals with pending criminal charges or convictions can be denied passports. The government has the power to impound or revoke passports if the person is found to be a threat to national security or involved in criminal activities.

  1. Passports of Minors:

– Special provisions apply to the issuance of passports to minors (below the age of 18). In such cases, the consent of both parents is typically required, leading to disputes in cases of divorce or custody battles.

  1. Revocation of Passports and its Impact:

– The revocation of a passport can severely impact the individual’s ability to travel, and the process of legal recourse to regain a passport can be lengthy and complicated. This often involves filing appeals or petitions in court.

  1. False Information and Forged Documents:

– The use of fraudulent information, forged documents, or misrepresentation in passport applications can lead to criminal charges. Applicants are expected to provide accurate and truthful information, or face penalties under the Act.

  1. Confusion Regarding Impoundment of Passports:

– There are cases where individuals’ passports are impounded or revoked without proper communication or justification. This leads to legal disputes, as affected persons may not be aware of the legal grounds on which their passports were seized.

Top Lawyer: Paresh M Modi

Advocate Paresh M Modi is a highly regarded legal expert and one of the top lawyers specializing in Passport Act-related matters and court cases concerning passports in India. Based in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, Paresh M Modi has been practicing law for over two decades and has extensive experience in dealing with a variety of legal issues related to travel documents, passport-related litigation, and national security concerns under the Passport Act, 1967.

Areas of Expertise:

  1. Passport Denial and Revocation:

– Mr. Modi has helped numerous clients challenge the revocation or denial of passports in courts. He has significant experience in handling cases where passports have been impounded due to criminal charges, national security concerns, or bureaucratic delays.

  1. Criminal Offenses under the Passport Act:

– He is skilled in defending clients accused of offenses related to passport fraud, providing legal advice, and handling cases involving the illegal possession or use of a passport.

  1. Passport Issuance:

– Paresh M Modi offers legal assistance in cases of delayed passport issuance, providing legal recourse through appeals or administrative remedies when necessary.

  1. Court Matters Related to Passport and Immigration:

– He specializes in representing individuals in courts on matters of passport impoundment, passport seizure, and other disputes related to travel documentation.

  1. Legal Counsel for Passport Issues for NRIs (Non-Resident Indians):

– Mr. Modi provides comprehensive legal support to Non-Resident Indians (NRIs) who face issues regarding the renewal, loss, or legal challenges surrounding their passports. He has an in-depth understanding of the challenges faced by NRIs in obtaining or renewing passports from foreign jurisdictions.

 

Why Choose Paresh M Modi?

Proven Track Record: With years of experience, he has handled complex legal issues related to passports and immigration law.

Expertise in Complex Legal Matters: He is one of the most sought-after lawyers for passport-related disputes, handling everything from initial passport applications to complex legal challenges in courts.

Client-Centered Approach: Known for his diligent and client-focused approach, Mr. Modi provides personalized legal strategies that address specific needs.

 

If you are facing legal issues related to your passport, be it a delay, revocation, or any other challenge, Paresh M Modi can provide you with the necessary legal guidance and representation to navigate the complexities of the Passport Act, 1967 and ensure that your rights are protected.

 

Conclusion

The Passport Act, 1967 is a crucial law that governs the issuance, revocation, and regulation of passports in India. While it serves to protect national security and ensure that citizens can travel freely, the law also creates a range of complications for applicants and those facing legal challenges regarding their passports. Whether dealing with delays, revocations, or criminal offenses under the Act, the expertise of a skilled lawyer like Paresh M Modi can be invaluable in resolving these complex legal matters efficiently. If you are in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, or anywhere in India, seeking professional legal assistance from an expert like Mr. Modi can help you navigate passport-related issues successfully.

 

IN GUJARATI

The Passport Act, 1967 – India / પાસપોર્ટ અધિનિયમ, 1967 – ભારત

પાસપોર્ટ અધિનિયમ, 1967 એ ભારતના પહોચતા અને અન્ય મુસાફરી દસ્તાવેજોની જાહેરવ્યાખ્યાયિત અને નિયંત્રિત કરતો મહત્વપૂર્ણ કાયદો છે. આ કાયદાનું મુખ્ય ઉદ્દેશ એટલે દેશની રાષ્ટ્રીય સુરક્ષાને બળકટ કરવાનું, પાસપોર્ટના દુરુપયોગને રોકવાનું અને નાગરિકોને વિદેશમાં મુસાફરી માટે યોગ્ય દસ્તાવેજો આપવાના પ્રકારે છે.

પાસપોર્ટ અધિનિયમ, 1967 ના મુખ્ય પ્રસ્તાવના

  1. પાસપોર્ટની વ્યાખ્યા:

– આ અધિનિયમ હેઠળ પાસપોર્ટ એ કોઈપણ મુસાફરી દસ્તાવેજ છે જે ભારત સરકારે વ્યક્તિને વિદેશ પ્રવાસ માટે આપતા હોય છે. આ દસ્તાવેજો બુકલેટના રૂપમાં અથવા અન્ય કોઈ પણ પ્રમાણપત્રના રૂપમાં હોઈ શકે છે.

  1. પાસપોર્ટ જારી કરવાની સત્તા:

– વિદેશ મંત્રાલય (MEA) એ ભારતમાં પાસપોર્ટ જારી કરવા માટે જવાબદાર છે. આ અધિનિયમ સરકારે સ્પષ્ટ નિયમોના આધીન નાગરિકોને પાસપોર્ટ જારી કરવાનો અધિકાર આપવામાં આવ્યો છે.

  1. પાસપોર્ટની કેટેગરીઓ:

સાધારણ પાસપોર્ટ: સામાન્ય જનતા માટે મુસાફરી માટે આપવામાં આવે છે.

ડિપ્લોમેટિક પાસપોર્ટ: દૂતાવાસિક અને ઉચ્ચકક્ષાના સરકારી અધિકારીઓ માટે જારી કરવામાં આવે છે.

પ્રમાણિક પાસપોર્ટ: સરકારી કર્મચારીઓને અધિકારિક કાર્ય માટે આપવામાં આવે છે.

આકસ્મિક પ્રમાણપત્ર: તમે સ્વીકારેલા નમૂનાની આપત્તિમાં વિદેશ જવાના અત્યાવશ્યક કેસોમાં આપવામાં આવે છે.

  1. પાત્રતા ના ધોરણો:

– તે નાગરિકો જેઓ નોંધપત્ર, રાષ્ટ્રીયતા અને પાત્રતા માટેની આચારસંહિતા પાત્ર હોય છે તેઓ પાસપોર્ટ માટે અરજી કરી શકે છે.

– કેટલાક કેસોમાં, ગુનેગાર પૃષ્ઠભૂમિ ધરાવનારાઓ અથવા જેમણે ગુના કેસમાં ભાગ લીધો હોય, તેમને પાસપોર્ટ આપવામાં નહીં આવે.

  1. પાસપોર્ટ ધારકોની ફરજ:

– પાસપોર્ટ ધારકોને આ અધિનિયમ હેઠળ નિર્દેશિત નિયમોનું પાલન કરવા આવશ્યક છે, જેમ કે સરનામામાં ફેરફાર થવા પર અથવા પાસપોર્ટ ગુમાવવાની આપત્તિ પર સરકારને માહિતી આપવી.

– જો કે, તેઓ મુસાફરી કરતી વખતે આચાર સંહિતા અને આવશ્યક કાયદાકીય કાયદા અનુસરવા માટે જવાબદાર છે.

  1. પાસપોર્ટની ખતમ કરવાનો અને નિયંત્રણ:

– આ કાયદા હેઠળ સરકાર પાસપોર્ટની અવગણના, રાષ્ટ્રીય સુરક્ષા કટોકટીઓ, ગુના પ્રવૃત્તિઓ અથવા કાયદાકીય દાયિત્વો મુજબ નિયંત્રણ કરી શકે છે.

– જો કોઈ વ્યક્તિ કેટલીક કાનૂની તપાસો હેઠળ હોય અથવા તે ગુનાહિત પ્રવૃત્તિમાં સામેલ હોય, તો તેમના પાસપોર્ટને જપ્ત અથવા રદ કરવામાં આવે છે.

 

  1. અપરાધો હેઠળ પાસપોર્ટ અધિનિયમ:

– આ કાયદા હેઠળ કેટલાક અપકર્મો છે જેમ કે:

– ઝૂટું માહિતી આપવી.

– પાસપોર્ટની ખોટી રીતે બનાવટ કરવી.

– પાસપોર્ટનો ખોટો ઉપયોગ કરવો.

– અયોગ્ય પાસપોર્ટ સાથે મુસાફરી કરવી.

– આ પ્રકારની કાયદેસર વિના કરેલી ઘટનાઓમાં આરોપોને લાવવાનું શક્ય છે, જેમાં શાસ્તિ અને કેદનો સામનો કરવાની ફરજ પડી શકે છે.

  1. અપીલ પ્રક્રિયા:

– એસ્કર્ટ રજિસ્ટ્રેશન પાસપોર્ટના અધિકારથી નકારવામાં આવે છે કે જેમણે અમુક પાસપોર્ટના મુદ્દે પોતાનું પાસપોર્ટ જપ્ત કર્યો છે કે વિરુદ્ધ કાનૂની કાર્યવાહી કરવામાં આવે છે. આકસ્મિક વિવાદોની કાયદેસર જલદી પ્રક્રિયા દ્વારા યોગ્ય કાયદાકીય પગલાં લેવામાં આવે છે.

  1. રાષ્ટ્રીય સુરક્ષા માટે પાસપોર્ટ જપ્ત કરવા:

– સરકાર એ પાસપોર્ટના જપ્ત અથવા નિર્ણય આપતું હોય છે, જેમણે અનુકૂળ લાગણી દર્શાવી છે. તે ગુરુત્વાકર્ષણ સહિત કાયદેસર અને નિર્ણયના વાતાવરણ મુજબ નિર્ધારણ કરી શકે છે.

  1. પાસપોર્ટ સુધારા અધિનિયમ, 2020:

– પાસપોર્ટ સુધારા અધિનિયમ, 2020માં કેટલીક મહત્વપૂર્ણ ફેરફારો કરવામાં આવ્યા છે, જેમ કે પાસપોર્ટ માટે આધાનકાર્ડ (Aadhaar card) સક્રિય તરીકે ઓળખની પુરાવાની માને છે અને “પાસપોર્ટ પર જતી યોજના” તરીકે પરિચિત છે.

 

પાસપોર્ટ અધિનિયમ, 1967 માં કાનૂની જટિલતાઓ અને પ્રશ્નો

આંતરરાષ્ટ્રીય નીતિ ધરાવતો અને નાગરિકોને સંજ્ઞાનું સ્વતંત્ર આપતા આ કાયદાના અમલમાં ઘણી કાનૂની સમસ્યાઓ ઊભી થતી હોય છે:

  1. પાસપોર્ટમાં વિલંબ:

– પાસપોર્ટમાં વિલંબ લાગતા હોય છે. અથવા જ્યારે પોલિસ સ્વીકારતા મંચ પર વિલંબ થાય છે કે કાનૂની માન્યતા ન હોતી હોય છે.

  1. ગુનેગાર પૃષ્ઠભૂમિ અને પાસપોર્ટ નકારવું:

– ગુનેગાર પ્રક્રિયાઓ અને આકસ્મિક ત્રુટીઓ હેઠળ કેટલાક વ્યક્તિઓ પાસપોર્ટ ન મળવા માટે અથવા તેમને નિયંત્રણ કરવામાં આવે છે.

  1. બાળકો માટે પાસપોર્ટ:

– નાની ઉંમરના બાળકો માટે (18 વર્ષથી નીચે) પાસપોર્ટના નિયમો સ્પષ્ટ કરવામાં આવે છે. એવા કરારમાં માતા પિતા દસ્તાવેજોની મંજુરી આપવાની ફરજ પડી શકે છે.

  1. પાસપોર્ટના રદ થવાનો અને તેના અસર:

– પેસપોર્ટ રદ થવાને લીધે તેમાં વિદેશ જવાનું પરિસ્થિતિ ખૂટી શકે છે. આ કાયદેસર દાવા ચિંતાઓને પણ અડચણ છે.

  1. મનમુટાવું આધારિત ખોટી માહિતી:

– ખોટી માહિતી કે ખોટી દસ્તાવેજી ઉપયોગ કરતાં ચિંતાઓની પ્રક્રિયાઓની રાહત પ્રાપ્ત કરી શકે છે.

 

ટોચના વકીલ: Paresh M Modi

Paresh M Modi એ પાસપોર્ટ અધિનિયમ, 1967 અને કોર્ટ મામલાઓ સંબંધિત વિશેષજ્ઞ વકીલ છે, જેમણે ગુજરાતના અમદાવાદ માં અદ્યતન કાનૂની સેવાઓ પૂરી પાડતા છે. તેઓ દેશભરમાં અનેક કેસોમાં કામગીરી કરી છે અને તેમની પાસે આ ક્ષેત્રમાં વિશાળ અનુભવ છે.

 વિશેષતા:

  1. પાસપોર્ટ નકારી દેવું અને રદ કરવા:

– મિસ્ટર Modi અનેક ગ્રાહકોને કેસોમાં પાસપોર્ટ નકારી દેવામાં અથવા રદ કરવામાં મદદ કરી છે, જેમાં આ પ્રકારની કાનૂની કાર્યવાહી માટેનો વ્યાવસાયિક માર્ગદર્શન છે.

  1. 2. પાસપોર્ટ સાથેના ગુનાહિત ક્રિયાઓ:

– કોટા ધરાવતી ગુનાહિત સત્યાઓમાં, ખોટી રીતે પાસપોર્ટનો ઉપયોગ કરવા તેમજ આક્ષેપો સામે રક્ષણ આપવી.

  1. પાસપોર્ટના મોડલ અથવા વિલંબ સાથે કેસો:

– વિલંબ અથવા વિવાદોના આધારે મિસ્ટર Modi સંવેદના પૂર્વક યોગ્ય માર્ગદર્શન આપે છે.

  1. પ્રશાસક કેસો માટે કાનૂની સેવા:

– NRIs (વિદેશી ભારતીયો) માટે, સરકારી નિયમો સાથે કાયદાની જરૂરિયાત હોય છે.

 કેમ પસંદ કરવા Advocate Paresh M Modi ને?

ઉત્તમ અનુભવ: સહુથીવધુ વર્ષના અનુભવથી તેમને મજબૂત રીતે પાસપોર્ટ મુદ્દાઓ પર શ્રેષ્ઠ સેવા આપતા છે.

કાનૂની કુશળતા: અલગ અલગ રીતે કાયદેસર વિષયોમાં વિશેષતા ધરાવવી.

ગ્રાહક કેન્દ્રિત અભિગમ: ગ્રાહકની જરૂરિયાતો અને પ્રક્રિયા પર સમજણપૂર્વક ઉપાય આપવામાં આવે છે.

જો તમે પાસપોર્ટ વિષયક કાનૂની સમસ્યાઓનો સામનો કરી રહ્યા છો, તો Advocate Paresh M Modi આપને કાયદેસર માર્ગદર્શન અને પ્રતિનિધિત્વ પૂરો પાડે છે, જેથી તમે સરળતાથી સમસ્યાઓને ઉકેલી શકો.

Passport Act, 1967 એ દેશભરમાં પાસપોર્ટ મંત્રાલયની માર્ગદર્શન આપી રહી છે. વધુ વિગતો અને ખરાઈ માટે તમારે પાસપોર્ટ મંત્રાલય કે તેની ઓફીશીયલ વેબસાઈટ ઉપર જવુ જોઇયે.

પાસપોર્ટ અધિનિયમનો મુખ્ય ઉદ્દેશ્ય દેશના નાગરિકોની સુરક્ષા અને સહી સલામતી સાથે વિદેશમાં મુસાફરી માટે યોગ્ય દસ્તાવેજોની વ્યવસ્થા કરવી છે. વધુ વિગત માટે “પાસપોર્ટ એક્ટ 1967” ની બેર એક્ટ રીફર કરો અથવા ભારતીય વિદેશ મંત્રાલયની ઓફીસીયલ વેબ સાઈટ વિઝિટ કરો અને આ બાબતના નિષ્ણાત એવા તમારા નજીકના એડૅવોકેટ સાહેબનો કોંટેક્ટ કરો.

Categories Criminal Cases

The Importance of Legal Representation in Criminal Cases | 9925002031

Legal representation is a fundamental right that is guaranteed to all individuals who are facing criminal charges. This right is enshrined in the constitutions of many countries, including the United States, where it is enshrined in the Sixth Amendment of the Constitution. However, despite the constitutional guarantee of legal representation, many individuals facing criminal charges do not fully understand the importance of having a competent and experienced lawyer by their side.

In this article, we will explore the importance of legal representation in criminal cases. We will examine the role that lawyers play in protecting the rights of their clients, ensuring that the legal process is fair and just, and securing the best possible outcome for their clients. We will also discuss the potential consequences of not having legal representation in criminal cases, including the increased risk of wrongful convictions, longer sentences, and the loss of certain legal rights.

In addition, we will examine some of the key factors that individuals should consider when selecting a lawyer for their criminal case. These factors include the lawyer’s experience, knowledge of the law, and reputation in the legal community.

Finally, we will provide some practical tips for individuals who are facing criminal charges and seeking legal representation. These tips will include advice on how to find a qualified lawyer, what to expect during the legal process, and how to work effectively with your lawyer to achieve the best possible outcome in your case.

Overall, this article will serve as a comprehensive guide to the importance of legal representation in criminal cases. Whether you are a lawyer seeking to educate your clients on this critical issue, or an individual facing criminal charges who wants to better understand your rights and options, this article will provide valuable insights and practical advice.

Advocate Paresh M Modi, based in Ahmedabad, is a renowned criminal lawyer known for his expertise and proficiency in the field. With a strong focus on delivering justice, he is committed to defending individuals facing criminal charges. Paresh M Modi possesses extensive legal knowledge and utilizes his sharp analytical skills to craft effective defense strategies. His dedication, experience, and determination make him a trusted advocate in the legal community. Clients can rely on Advocate Paresh M Modi for professional and skilled representation, ensuring their rights are safeguarded throughout the legal process.


Atrocity Act Cases Advocate in Ahmedabad | Paresh M Modi | 9925002031 | Gujarat Lawyers for ST-SC Act


The Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989 – Complete Details


Advocate Paresh M Modi, a reputed criminal lawyer in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, specializes in Atrocity Act cases. This webpage provides a comprehensive understanding of The Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989, commonly known as the Atrocity Act, including its key provisions, sections, penalties, legal procedures, witnesses’ requirements, defenses for the accused, and other legal aspects.


Introduction to the Atrocity Act, 1989

The SC/ST (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989, was enacted to prevent offenses against Scheduled Castes (SC) and Scheduled Tribes (ST) and provide them protection and justice against discrimination, violence, and exploitation.

This Act aims to:
✔️ Prevent atrocities against SC/ST communities.
✔️ Ensure punishment for offenders committing caste-based crimes.
✔️ Provide relief and rehabilitation to victims.
✔️ Set up special courts for speedy trials.

This law is further strengthened by The Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Amendment Act, 2015, which increased the list of offenses and enhanced penalties.


Key Sections of the Atrocity Act & Punishments

1. Offenses under the Act and Punishments

SectionOffense DescriptionPunishment
Section 3(1)Committing various atrocities against SC/ST individuals, such as forcing them to drink/eat inedible substances, removing clothes, parading naked, or wrongfully dispossessing them of land.Minimum 6 months to Maximum 5 years imprisonment and fine
Section 3(2)(i)Giving false evidence to convict an innocent SC/ST person, leading to the death penalty or life imprisonment.Same punishment as prescribed for the offense
Section 3(2)(ii)Giving false evidence to wrongly convict an SC/ST person for an offense punishable with 7+ years of imprisonment.Minimum 6 months to Maximum 7 years imprisonment
Section 3(2)(iii)Causing hurt to an SC/ST person in police custody.Minimum 6 months to Maximum 7 years imprisonment
Section 3(2)(v)Committing any offense under IPC punishable with 10+ years imprisonment against SC/ST persons because of their caste.Life imprisonment and fine
Section 3(2)(va)Any criminal offense under IPC committed against SC/ST persons due to caste identity.Punishment as per IPC + fine
Section 3(3)Preventing SC/ST persons from using public places.Minimum 6 months to Maximum 5 years imprisonment and fine
Section 3(4)Boycotting SC/ST persons socially or economically.Minimum 6 months to Maximum 5 years imprisonment and fine
Section 3(5)Preventing SC/ST persons from voting or filing nominations in elections.Minimum 6 months to Maximum 5 years imprisonment and fine
Section 3(6)Compelling an SC/ST woman for prostitution.Minimum 10 years to life imprisonment and fine
Section 3(7)Attempting to humiliate an SC/ST person.Minimum 6 months to Maximum 5 years imprisonment and fine
Section 4Public servants neglecting their duty to prevent atrocities.Minimum 6 months to Maximum 1 year imprisonment

Special Provisions in the Act

✔️ Non-Bailable – Atrocity Act offenses are non-bailable, meaning the accused cannot get bail easily.
✔️ Strict Bail Conditions – As per Section 18 & 18A, anticipatory bail is not allowed for offenses under this Act.
✔️ Special Courts – Trials under this Act take place in designated Special Courts for speedy disposal.
✔️ Witness & Victim Protection – The Act provides security to witnesses and victims to prevent coercion.


Requirement of Witnesses in Atrocity Cases

✔️ Direct Witnesses – Someone who saw the crime happen.
✔️ Circumstantial Witnesses – Someone who knows the background of the offense.
✔️ Victim Statement – The victim’s FIR and testimony hold significant weight.
✔️ Medical Reports – If applicable, injury reports help prove physical harm.
✔️ Electronic Evidence – Videos, call recordings, and messages can strengthen the case.


Defenses Available for the Accused

1️⃣ False Allegation Defense – Proving that the case is motivated by personal revenge or property disputes.
2️⃣ Absence of Intent – If no caste-based discrimination was involved, the accused can claim innocence.
3️⃣ Lack of Witnesses – If the case lacks reliable witnesses, it weakens the prosecution’s claim.
4️⃣ Challenging FIR – If the FIR is filed after an unusual delay without a valid reason, it can be challenged.
5️⃣ Cross-Examination of Witnesses – The accused can prove contradictions in witness statements.
6️⃣ Anticipatory Bail in Rare Cases – If prima facie evidence is weak, bail may be granted in exceptional circumstances.
7️⃣ SC Judgment Protection – If Supreme Court precedents support the accused, they can be cited for defense.


Legal Procedure & Case Stages

1️⃣ Filing an FIR – The victim files an FIR at the police station.
2️⃣ Investigation – Police record witness statements and gather evidence.
3️⃣ Arrest & Custody – If evidence is strong, the accused is arrested.
4️⃣ Charge Sheet – Police submit the charge sheet to the Special Court.
5️⃣ Trial in Special Court – Prosecution and defense present their cases.
6️⃣ Judgment & Sentencing – The court delivers the final verdict.
7️⃣ Appeal Process – If convicted, the accused can appeal in the High Court or Supreme Court.


Why Choose Advocate Paresh M Modi for Atrocity Act Cases?

✔️ Expertise in Criminal Law – Extensive experience in SC/ST Atrocity cases.
✔️ Strong Defense Strategy – Expertise in bail applications, FIR quashing, and acquittals.
✔️ High Court & Supreme Court Representation – Handles cases at all legal levels.
✔️ Client Protection & Confidentiality – Ensures complete safety and fairness in legal proceedings.
✔️ 24/7 Legal Assistance – Available for urgent legal consultation.


Final Words

The Atrocity Act is a powerful law, and it must be used justly. If you or someone you know is involved in an SC/ST atrocity case, get expert legal help from Advocate Paresh M Modi, the best Atrocity Act lawyer in Gujarat


For legal advice on Atrocity Act cases, contact:

📞 Mobile: +91 9925002031 (WhatsApp only, 9 AM – 9 PM)
📞 Office Landline: +91-79-48001468 (10:30 AM – 6:30 PM)
✉️ Email: advocatepmmodi@gmail.com
🌐 Website: www.advocatepmmodi.in
📍 Office Address: C/112, Supath-2 Complex, Opp. Kohinoor Plaza Hotel, Near Old Wadaj Bus Stand, Ashram Road, Ahmedabad, Gujarat – 380013, India.


IN GUJARATI LANGUAGE


અત્યાચાર વિરોધી કાયદો (SC/ST Prevention of Atrocities Act, 1989) – સંપૂર્ણ માહિતી

એડવોકેટ પરેશ એમ મોદી, એક જાણીતા અપરાધી કાયદાના નિષ્ણાત, અત્યાચાર વિરોધી કાયદા (Atrocity Act)નાં કેસો હલ કરવામાં પારંગત છે. અહીં SC/ST (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989 વિશે સંપૂર્ણ માહિતી આપવામાં આવી છે, જેમાં મુખ્ય કલમો, સજા, દંડ, સાક્ષીઓની આવશ્યકતા, આરોપીના સંરક્ષણ અને અન્ય કાનૂની બાબતો શામેલ છે.


અત્યાચાર વિરોધી કાયદાનું પરિચય

SC/ST (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989 એ ખાસ કરીને અનુસૂચિત જાતિ (SC) અને અનુસૂચિત જનજાતિ (ST) ના નાગરિકોની સુરક્ષા અને ન્યાય સુનિશ્ચિત કરવા માટે બનાવવામાં આવ્યો છે.

આ કાયદા હેઠળ: ✔️ અત્યાચાર અને અન્યાયને રોકવા માટે કડક નિયમો બનાવવામાં આવ્યા છે.
✔️ SC/ST નાગરિકો માટે વિશેષ સુરક્ષા અને ન્યાય મેળવવાની વ્યવસ્થા કરવામાં આવી છે.
✔️ દોષિતને કડક સજા આપવામાં આવે છે.
✔️ વિશિષ્ટ કોર્ટો દ્વારા ઝડપી સુનાવણી થાય છે.

SC/ST (Prevention of Atrocities) Amendment Act, 2015 દ્વારા આ કાયદાને વધુ મજબૂત બનાવવામાં આવ્યો છે.


અત્યાચાર કાયદાની મુખ્ય કલમો અને સજાઓ

કલમગુનોસજા
કલમ 3(1)SC/ST વ્યક્તિ સામે બળાત્કાર, શારીરિક ત્રાસ, જમીન કબ્જો, જાતિવાદી અપમાન વગેરે6 મહિના થી 5 વર્ષની કેદ અને દંડ
કલમ 3(2)(i)SC/ST વ્યક્તિને ખોટી સાક્ષી દ્વારા ફસાવવાનો પ્રયાસ, જેનાથી મોતની સજા થઈ શકેમોતની સજા અથવા આજીવન કેદ
કલમ 3(2)(ii)SC/ST વ્યક્તિને ખોટી સાક્ષી દ્વારા ફસાવવા માટે 7+ વર્ષની સજા6 મહિના થી 7 વર્ષની કેદ
કલમ 3(2)(v)SC/ST વ્યક્તિ સામે કોઈપણ IPC હેઠળનો ગુનો, જે 10+ વર્ષની સજાને પાત્ર હોયઆજીવન કેદ અને દંડ
કલમ 3(4)SC/ST વ્યક્તિનું સામાજિક અથવા આર્થિક બહિષ્કાર6 મહિના થી 5 વર્ષની કેદ અને દંડ
કલમ 3(6)SC/ST મહિલાને દેહવ્યાપાર માટે મજબૂર કરવું10 વર્ષથી આજીવન કેદ અને દંડ
કલમ 4જાહેર કર્મચારી પોતાની ફરજમાં કાળજી લેવામાં નિષ્ફળ જાય6 મહિના થી 1 વર્ષની કેદ

કાયદાની વિશેષ જોગવાઇઓ

✔️ બિનજામીનપાત્ર ગુનાઓઆ કાયદા હેઠળ આરોપી સરળતાથી જામીન મેળવી શકતો નથી.
✔️ જામીન પર કડક શરતોકલમ 18 અને 18A હેઠળ, આગોતરી જામીન મળવાની શક્યતા નથી.
✔️ વિશિષ્ટ કોર્ટમાં કેસની સુનાવણીઅત્યાચાર કાયદા હેઠળ વિશેષ અદાલતો દ્વારા ઝડપી ન્યાય અપાય છે.
✔️ સાક્ષી અને પીડિત રક્ષણપીડિત અને સાક્ષીઓને સનરક્ષણ અપાય છે.


SC/ST અત્યાચાર કેસમાં સાક્ષીઓની આવશ્યકતા

✔️ સજીવ સાક્ષી (Direct Witness)જેમણે ઘટનાને પોતાની આંખે જોઈ હોય.
✔️ પરીસ્થિતિજ સાક્ષી (Circumstantial Witness)જેવી કે, પીડિત પર અગાઉના હુમલા, ગાંસડી દસ્તાવેજો.
✔️ ફિરયાદીનું નિવેદનપીડિત વ્યક્તિનું FIR અને કોર્ટમાં આપેલું નિવેદન મહત્વપૂર્ણ સાબિત થાય છે.
✔️ ચિકિત્સા અહેવાલ (Medical Reports)જખમ અથવા હુમલાના પુરાવા.
✔️ ઇલેક્ટ્રોનિક પુરાવા (Electronic Evidence)વિડીયો, ઑડિયો રેકોર્ડિંગ, WhatsApp મેસેજ વગેરે.


આરોપી માટે કાનૂની સંરક્ષણ (Defences for the Accused)

1️⃣ ખોટા આરોપનો બચાવવ્યક્તિએ ખોટા આરોપ મૂક્યા છે તે સાબિત કરવું.
2️⃣ ઉદ્દેશ્યનો અભાવજો ગુનામાં જાતિ આધારિત ભેદભાવ ન થયો હોય, તો આરોપી નિર્દોષ સાબિત થઈ શકે.
3️⃣ જાળવણીમાં ખોટો કેસવ્યક્તિએ પીડિતને ખોટી રીતે ફસાવવાનો પ્રયાસ કર્યો છે તે બતાવવું.
4️⃣ FIR ને પડકારવુંજો FIR મોડું નોંધાયું હોય અને તેનું યથાર્થ કારણ ન હોય, તો તે મુદ્દો ઉઠાવી શકાય.
5️⃣ સાક્ષીઓની શંકાસ્પદતાજો સાક્ષીઓ વિશ્વસનીય ન હોય, તો કેસ કથળી શકે.
6️⃣ જામીન મેળવવાની તકઅદાલત પૂરતા પુરાવા ન હોય તો જામીન આપી શકે.
7️⃣ સુપ્રીમ કોર્ટના નિર્ણયોજો અગાઉના ચુકાદાઓનો આધાર મલતો હોય, તો તેનો ઉપયોગ કરી શકાય.


કાનૂની પ્રક્રિયા અને કેસના તબક્કા

1️⃣ FIR નોંધાવવીપીડિત વ્યક્તિ પોલીસ સ્ટેશનમાં FIR નોંધાવે.
2️⃣ તપાસ પ્રક્રિયાપોલીસ સાક્ષીઓના નિવેદન લે છે અને પુરાવા એકત્ર કરે છે.
3️⃣ આરોપીની ધરપકડમજબૂત પુરાવા હોવા પર આરોપીની ધરપકડ થાય.
4️⃣ ચાર્જશીટ દાખલ થાયપોલીસ કેસ કોર્ટમાં રજૂ કરે.
5️⃣ વિશિષ્ટ કોર્ટમાં ટ્રાયલપ્રોસિક્યુશન અને ડિફેન્સ બંને પક્ષોની દલીલો થાય.
6️⃣ ફેંસલો અને સજાકોર્ટ દ્વારા નિર્ણય લેવામાં આવે.
7️⃣ અપીલ પ્રક્રિયાસજા મળ્યા પછી, હાઇકોર્ટ અથવા સુપ્રીમ કોર્ટમાં અપીલ કરી શકાય.


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